头花蓼Polygonum capitatum
中文名（Chinese Name）：头花蓼
学名（Scientific Name）：Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
英文名（English Common Name）：pinkhead smartweed
别名（Chinese Common Name）：草石椒
异名（Synonym）：Cephalophilon capitatum (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Tzvelev Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross
科属（Family & Genus）：蓼科（Polygonaceae）蓼属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。茎匍匐，丛生，基部木质化，节部生根，节间比叶片短，多分枝，疏生腺毛或近无毛，一年生枝近直立，具纵棱，疏生腺毛。叶卵形或椭圆形，长1.5-3厘米，宽1-2.5厘米，顶端尖，基部楔形，全缘，边缘具腺毛，两面疏生腺毛，上面有时具黑褐色新月形斑点；叶柄长2-3毫米，基部有时具叶耳；托叶鞘筒状，膜质，长5-8毫米，松散，具腺毛，顶端截形，有缘毛。花序头状，直径6-10毫米，单生或成对，顶生；花序梗具腺毛；苞片长卵形，膜质；花梗极短；花被5深裂，淡红色，花被片椭圆形，长2-3毫米；雄蕊8, 比花被短；花柱3, 中下部合生，与花被近等长；柱头头状。瘦果长卵形，具3棱，长1.5-2毫米，黑褐色，密生小点，微有光泽，包于宿存花被内。花期6-9月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产江西、湖南、湖北、四川、贵州、广东、广西、云南及西藏，生海拔600-3500米山坡、山谷湿地，常成片生长。印度、尼泊尔、不丹、缅甸及越南也有。
用途（Use）：全草入药，治尿道感染、肾盂肾炎。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 301
Polygonum capitatum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 73. 1825.
头花蓼 tou hua liao| Polygonaceae | Polygonum
Cephalophilon capitatum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Tzvelev; Persicaria capitata (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Gross.
Herbs perennial. Stems creeping, tufted, ligneous at base, sparsely glandular hairy or nearly glabrous, much branched, rooting from nodes, internodes shorter than leaf blades; branchlet suberect, angulate, sparsely glandular hairy. Petiole 2-3 mm, sometimes auriculate at base; leaf blade sometimes with a large blackish spot adaxially, ovate or elliptic, 1.5-3 × 1-2.5 cm, both surfaces glandular hairy, base cuneate, margin entire and glandular hairy, apex acute; ocrea tubular, 5-8 mm, membranous, sparsely glandular hairy, apex truncate, ciliate. Inflorescence terminal, capitate, solitary or geminate, 6-10 mm in diam.; peduncle glandular hairy; bracts narrowly ovate, membranous. Pedicel very short. Perianth pinkish, 5-parted; tepals elliptic, 2-3 mm. Stamens 8, included. Styles 3, connate to below middle, equaling perianth; stigmas capitate. Achenes included in persistent perianth, black-brown, slightly shiny, narrowly ovoid, trigonous, 1.5-2 mm, densely punctate. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct.
Mountain slopes, shaded places in valleys; 600-3500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species is used medicinally, and is cultivated as an ornamental in other parts of the world (e.g., in Australia).
Newly naturalized in Taiwan (see Hsu, T. W., S. M. Ku & C. I. Peng. Taiwania 49(3): 183. 2004).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
英文名（English Common Name）：pinkhead smartweed
别名（Chinese Common Name）：草石椒
异名（Synonym）：Cephalophilon capitatum (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Tzvelev Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross
科属（Family & Genus）：蓼科（Polygonaceae）蓼属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。茎匍匐，丛生，基部木质化，节部生根，节间比叶片短，多分枝，疏生腺毛或近无毛，一年生枝近直立，具纵棱，疏生腺毛。叶卵形或椭圆形，长1.5-3厘米，宽1-2.5厘米，顶端尖，基部楔形，全缘，边缘具腺毛，两面疏生腺毛，上面有时具黑褐色新月形斑点；叶柄长2-3毫米，基部有时具叶耳；托叶鞘筒状，膜质，长5-8毫米，松散，具腺毛，顶端截形，有缘毛。花序头状，直径6-10毫米，单生或成对，顶生；花序梗具腺毛；苞片长卵形，膜质；花梗极短；花被5深裂，淡红色，花被片椭圆形，长2-3毫米；雄蕊8, 比花被短；花柱3, 中下部合生，与花被近等长；柱头头状。瘦果长卵形，具3棱，长1.5-2毫米，黑褐色，密生小点，微有光泽，包于宿存花被内。花期6-9月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产江西、湖南、湖北、四川、贵州、广东、广西、云南及西藏，生海拔600-3500米山坡、山谷湿地，常成片生长。印度、尼泊尔、不丹、缅甸及越南也有。
用途（Use）：全草入药，治尿道感染、肾盂肾炎。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 301
Polygonum capitatum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 73. 1825.
头花蓼 tou hua liao| Polygonaceae | Polygonum
Cephalophilon capitatum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Tzvelev; Persicaria capitata (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Gross.
Herbs perennial. Stems creeping, tufted, ligneous at base, sparsely glandular hairy or nearly glabrous, much branched, rooting from nodes, internodes shorter than leaf blades; branchlet suberect, angulate, sparsely glandular hairy. Petiole 2-3 mm, sometimes auriculate at base; leaf blade sometimes with a large blackish spot adaxially, ovate or elliptic, 1.5-3 × 1-2.5 cm, both surfaces glandular hairy, base cuneate, margin entire and glandular hairy, apex acute; ocrea tubular, 5-8 mm, membranous, sparsely glandular hairy, apex truncate, ciliate. Inflorescence terminal, capitate, solitary or geminate, 6-10 mm in diam.; peduncle glandular hairy; bracts narrowly ovate, membranous. Pedicel very short. Perianth pinkish, 5-parted; tepals elliptic, 2-3 mm. Stamens 8, included. Styles 3, connate to below middle, equaling perianth; stigmas capitate. Achenes included in persistent perianth, black-brown, slightly shiny, narrowly ovoid, trigonous, 1.5-2 mm, densely punctate. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct.
Mountain slopes, shaded places in valleys; 600-3500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species is used medicinally, and is cultivated as an ornamental in other parts of the world (e.g., in Australia).
Newly naturalized in Taiwan (see Hsu, T. W., S. M. Ku & C. I. Peng. Taiwania 49(3): 183. 2004).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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