翠雀Delphinium grandiflorum

中文名(Chinese Name):翠雀
学名(Scientific Name):Delphinium grandiflorum L.
英文名(English Common Name):Siberian larkspur
别名(Chinese Common Name):鸽子花
异名(Synonym):Chienia honanensis W. T. Wang  Delphinium grandiflorum var. tigridum Kitag.  Delphinium grandiflorum var. chinense Fisch. ex DC.  Delphinium chinense Fisch.  Delphinastrum grandiflorum (L.) Spach  Delphinium grandiflorum f. roseolum Y.Z.Zhao  Delphinium grandiflorum var. pilosum Y.Z.Zhao  Delphinium sinense Fisch. ex Link
科属(Family & Genus):毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)翠雀属
形态特征(Description):茎高35-65厘米,与叶柄均被反曲而贴伏的短柔毛,上部有时变无毛,等距地生叶,分枝。基生叶和茎下部叶有长柄;叶片圆五角形,长2.2-6厘米,宽4-8.5厘米,三全裂,中央全裂片近菱形,一至二回三裂近中脉,小裂片线状披针形至线形,宽0.6-2.5(-3.5)毫米,边缘干时稍反卷,侧全裂片扇形,不等二深裂近基部,两面疏被短柔毛或近无毛;叶柄长为叶片的3-4倍,基部具短鞘。总状花序有3-15花;下部苞片叶状,其他苞片线形;花梗长1.5-3.8厘米,与轴密被贴伏的白色短柔毛;小苞片生花梗中部或上部,线形或丝形,长3.5-7毫米;萼片紫蓝色,椭圆形或宽椭圆形,长1.2-1.8厘米,外面有短柔毛,距钻形,长1.7-2(-2.3)厘米,直或末端稍向下弯曲;花瓣蓝色,无毛,顶端圆形;退化雄蕊蓝色,瓣片近圆形或宽倒卵形,顶端全缘或微凹,腹面中央有黄色髯毛;雄蕊无毛;心皮3,子房密被贴伏的短柔毛。蓇葖直,长1.4-1.9厘米;种子倒卵状四面体形,长约2毫米,沿稜有翅。5-10月开花。
分布(Distribution):分布于云南、四川、山西、河北、内蒙古、东北,生海拔500-2800米山地草坡或丘陵砂地。在俄罗斯西伯利亚,蒙古也有分布。
用途(Use):全草煎水含漱(有毒勿咽),可治风热牙痛;全草煎浓汁,可以灭虱(北方常用中草药手册)。在北京一带栽培供观赏,已有数百年历史。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 6 Page 268     
Delphinium grandiflorum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 531. 1753.
翠雀 cui que| Ranunculaceae  | Delphinium
Stem (14--)30--65 cm tall, branched. Leaf blade 4--12 cm wide, base cordate; primary lobes separate for at least 90% of blade radius; central lobe rhombic, 1- or 3-cleft nearly to midvein, distally 1- or 2-lobulate or undivided, apex acute; ultimate lobules linear-lanceolate, linear, or narrowly linear; proximal leaves withered or not. Raceme 5--20 cm, 3--10-flowered, appressed puberulent, rarely mixed with yellow, glandular hairs; proximal bracts leaflike, distal ones linear. Pedicels 1.5--4(--7) cm; bracteoles borne near middle of pedicel or distally, linear or subulate, 3.5--7 mm. Sepals purple-blue or blue, abaxially puberulent; spur subulate or cylindric-subulate, 1.5--2 (--2.2) cm, straight or slightly recurved, base 2.5--3.5 mm in diam.; other sepals 1--1.9 cm. Petals undivided, glabrous. Staminode limb suborbicular or broadly obovate, entire, emarginate, or 2-lobulate, rarely 2-lobed, yellow barbate. Filaments glabrous or rarely pilose. Carpels 3; ovaries densely puberulent or glabrous. Fl. May--Nov.
Sparse forests, scrub, grassy slopes, grassy places in valleys, meadows, dry slopes, weedy places, fields; 100--3500 m. N Anhui, Beijing, C and E Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, S and W Henan, NW Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, S Ningxia, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, E Shandong, Shanxi, NW Sichuan, C and NW Yunnan [Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].
翠雀Delphinium grandiflorum

翠雀Delphinium grandiflorum

翠雀Delphinium grandiflorum(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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