山野豌豆Vicia amoena
中文名（Chinese Name）：山野豌豆
学名（Scientific Name）：Vicia amoena Fisch.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Ervum amoenum Trautv. Vicia amoena var. macrophylla Litv. ex B. Fedtsch. Vicia rapunculus Debeaux Vicia amoena var. sachalinensis Nakai Vicia altaica Sievers
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae,野豌豆属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-100厘米，植株被疏柔毛，稀近无毛。主根粗壮，须根发达。茎具棱，多分枝，细软，斜升或攀援。偶数羽状复叶，长5-12厘米，几无柄，顶端卷须有2-3分支；托叶半箭头形，长0.8-2厘米，边缘有3-4裂齿；小叶4-7对，互生或近对生，椭圆形至卵披针形，长1.3-4厘米，宽0.5-1.8厘米；先端圆，微凹，基部近圆形，上面被贴伏长柔毛，下面粉白色；沿中脉毛被较密，侧脉扇状展开直达叶缘。总状花序通常长于叶；花10-20 (-30) 密集着生于花序轴上部；花冠红紫色、蓝紫色或蓝色花期颜色多变；花萼斜钟状，萼齿近三角形，上萼齿长0.3-0.4厘米，明显短于下萼齿；旗瓣倒卵圆形，长1-1.6厘米，宽0.5-0.6厘米，先端微凹，瓣柄较宽，翼瓣与旗瓣近等长，瓣片斜倒卵形，瓣柄长0.4-0.5厘米，龙骨瓣短于翼瓣，长1.1-1.2厘米；子房无毛，胚珠6，花柱上部四周被毛，子房柄长约0.4厘米。荚果长圆形，长1.8-2.8厘米，宽0.4-0.6厘米。两端渐尖，无毛。种子1-6，圆形，直径0.35-0.4厘米；种皮革质，深褐色，具花斑；种脐内凹，黄褐色，长相当于种子周长的1/3。花期4-6月，果期7-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、华北、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、河南、湖北、山东、江苏、安徽等地。生于海拔80-7500米草甸、山坡、灌丛或杂木林中。俄罗斯、朝鲜、日本、蒙古亦有。
用途（Use）：本种为优良牧草，蛋白质可达10.2％，牲畜喜食。民间药用称透骨草，有去湿，清热解毒之效，为疮 洗剂。本种繁殖迅速，再生力强，是防风、固沙、水土保持及绿肥作物之一。其花期长，色彩艳丽亦可作绿篱、荒山、园林绿化，建立人工草场和早春蜜源植物。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 561, 564
Vicia amoena Fischer ex Seringe in Candolle, Prodr. 2: 355. 1825.
山野豌豆 shan ye wan dou | Fabaceae | Vicia
Ervum amoenum (Fischer ex Seringe) Trautvetter; Vicia amoena f. albiflora P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen; V. amoena var. angusta Freyn; V. amoena var. lanata Franchet & Savatier; V. amoena var. macrophylla Litvinov ex B. Fedtschenko; V. amoena var. oblongifolia Regel; V. amoena subsp. sericea (Kitagawa) Kamelin & Gubanov; V. amoena var. sericea Kitagawa.
Herbs perennial, 30-100(-180) cm tall, pilose, rarely densely white sericeous. Stem much branched, slender. Leaves subsessile, paripinnate, 5-12 cm; stipules semihastate, 8-20 mm, margin 3- or 4-toothed; leaflets 4-7-paired, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, rarely oblong or lanceolate, 13-40 × 5-18 mm, adaxially appressed villous, apex rounded and retuse; lateral veins obvious; tendril 2- or 3-branched. Raceme usually longer than leaf, densely 10-20(-30)-flowered. Calyx obliquely campanulate, unequally toothed. Corolla blue, blue-purple, red-purple, or white; standard obovate, 10-16 × 5-6 mm, subequaling wings and longer than keel. Ovary glabrous; ovules ca. 6. Legume oblong, 18-28 × 4-6 mm, glabrous, both ends acuminate. Seeds 1-6. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 12, 14, 24.
Forests, forest margins, woods, bush woods, scrub, dry slopes with Juniperus, grasslands, hills, hill slopes, riverbanks, sides of irrigation ditches, dry rocky banks, fixed sand dunes, fields, abandoned fields, wastelands, roadsides; near sea level to 4000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Vicia amoena Fisch.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Ervum amoenum Trautv. Vicia amoena var. macrophylla Litv. ex B. Fedtsch. Vicia rapunculus Debeaux Vicia amoena var. sachalinensis Nakai Vicia altaica Sievers
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae,野豌豆属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-100厘米，植株被疏柔毛，稀近无毛。主根粗壮，须根发达。茎具棱，多分枝，细软，斜升或攀援。偶数羽状复叶，长5-12厘米，几无柄，顶端卷须有2-3分支；托叶半箭头形，长0.8-2厘米，边缘有3-4裂齿；小叶4-7对，互生或近对生，椭圆形至卵披针形，长1.3-4厘米，宽0.5-1.8厘米；先端圆，微凹，基部近圆形，上面被贴伏长柔毛，下面粉白色；沿中脉毛被较密，侧脉扇状展开直达叶缘。总状花序通常长于叶；花10-20 (-30) 密集着生于花序轴上部；花冠红紫色、蓝紫色或蓝色花期颜色多变；花萼斜钟状，萼齿近三角形，上萼齿长0.3-0.4厘米，明显短于下萼齿；旗瓣倒卵圆形，长1-1.6厘米，宽0.5-0.6厘米，先端微凹，瓣柄较宽，翼瓣与旗瓣近等长，瓣片斜倒卵形，瓣柄长0.4-0.5厘米，龙骨瓣短于翼瓣，长1.1-1.2厘米；子房无毛，胚珠6，花柱上部四周被毛，子房柄长约0.4厘米。荚果长圆形，长1.8-2.8厘米，宽0.4-0.6厘米。两端渐尖，无毛。种子1-6，圆形，直径0.35-0.4厘米；种皮革质，深褐色，具花斑；种脐内凹，黄褐色，长相当于种子周长的1/3。花期4-6月，果期7-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、华北、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、河南、湖北、山东、江苏、安徽等地。生于海拔80-7500米草甸、山坡、灌丛或杂木林中。俄罗斯、朝鲜、日本、蒙古亦有。
用途（Use）：本种为优良牧草，蛋白质可达10.2％，牲畜喜食。民间药用称透骨草，有去湿，清热解毒之效，为疮 洗剂。本种繁殖迅速，再生力强，是防风、固沙、水土保持及绿肥作物之一。其花期长，色彩艳丽亦可作绿篱、荒山、园林绿化，建立人工草场和早春蜜源植物。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 561, 564
Vicia amoena Fischer ex Seringe in Candolle, Prodr. 2: 355. 1825.
山野豌豆 shan ye wan dou | Fabaceae | Vicia
Ervum amoenum (Fischer ex Seringe) Trautvetter; Vicia amoena f. albiflora P. Y. Fu & Y. A. Chen; V. amoena var. angusta Freyn; V. amoena var. lanata Franchet & Savatier; V. amoena var. macrophylla Litvinov ex B. Fedtschenko; V. amoena var. oblongifolia Regel; V. amoena subsp. sericea (Kitagawa) Kamelin & Gubanov; V. amoena var. sericea Kitagawa.
Herbs perennial, 30-100(-180) cm tall, pilose, rarely densely white sericeous. Stem much branched, slender. Leaves subsessile, paripinnate, 5-12 cm; stipules semihastate, 8-20 mm, margin 3- or 4-toothed; leaflets 4-7-paired, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, rarely oblong or lanceolate, 13-40 × 5-18 mm, adaxially appressed villous, apex rounded and retuse; lateral veins obvious; tendril 2- or 3-branched. Raceme usually longer than leaf, densely 10-20(-30)-flowered. Calyx obliquely campanulate, unequally toothed. Corolla blue, blue-purple, red-purple, or white; standard obovate, 10-16 × 5-6 mm, subequaling wings and longer than keel. Ovary glabrous; ovules ca. 6. Legume oblong, 18-28 × 4-6 mm, glabrous, both ends acuminate. Seeds 1-6. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 12, 14, 24.
Forests, forest margins, woods, bush woods, scrub, dry slopes with Juniperus, grasslands, hills, hill slopes, riverbanks, sides of irrigation ditches, dry rocky banks, fixed sand dunes, fields, abandoned fields, wastelands, roadsides; near sea level to 4000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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