红花三叶草Trifolium pratense
中文名（Chinese Name）：红花三叶草
学名（Scientific Name）：Trifolium pratense L.
英文名（English Common Name）：red clover
别名（Chinese Common Name）：红车轴草
异名（Synonym）：Trifolium pratense var. sativum Schreb. Trifolium ukrainicum Opperman Trifolium lenkoranicum (Grossh.)Roskov Trifolium bracteatum Schousb. Trifolium borysthenicum Gruner Trifolium pratense var. lenkoranicum Grossh.
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae,车轴草属
形态特征（Description）：短期多年生草本，生长期2-5 (-9) 年。主根深入土层达1米。茎粗壮，具纵棱，直立或平卧上升，疏生柔毛或秃净。掌状三出复叶；托叶近卵形，膜质，每侧具脉纹8-9条，基部抱茎，先端离生部分渐尖，具锥刺状尖头；叶柄较长，茎上部的叶柄短，被伸展毛或秃净；小叶卵状椭圆形至倒卵形，长1.5-3.5 (-5) 厘米，宽1-2厘米，先端钝，有时微凹，基部阔楔形，两面疏生褐色长柔毛，叶面上常有V字形白斑，侧脉约15对，作20°角展开在叶边处分叉隆起，伸出形成不明显的钝齿；小叶柄短，长约1.5毫米。花序球状或卵状，顶生；无总花梗或具甚短总花梗，包于顶生叶的托叶内，托叶扩展成焰苞状，具花30-70朵，密集；花长12-14 (-18) 毫米；几无花梗；萼钟形，被长柔毛，具脉纹10条，萼齿丝状，锥尖，比萼筒长，最下方1齿比其余萼齿长1倍，萼喉开张，具一多毛的加厚环；花冠紫红色至淡红色，旗瓣匙形，先端圆形，微凹缺，基部狭楔形，明显比翼瓣和龙骨瓣长，龙骨瓣稍比冀瓣短；子房椭圆形，花柱丝状细长，胚珠1-2粒。荚果卵形；通常有1粒扁圆形种子。花果期5-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产欧洲中部，引种到世界各国。我国南北各省区均有种植，并见逸生于林缘、路边、草地等湿润处。
用途（Use）：引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 549, 551
Trifolium pratense Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 768. 1753.
红车轴草 hong che zhou cao | Fabaceae | Trifolium
Perennial herbs, sparsely villous or glabrescent. Stems numerous from crown, erect or ascending, 20-70 cm, stout, striate. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate, basal and cauline, long petiolate in lower leaves, shortly petiolate in upper leaves; stipules ovate-lanceolate, membranous, base adnate to petiole, apex acuminate-subulate; leaflets ovate-elliptic or obovate, rarely elliptic, 1.5-3.5(-5) × 1-2 cm, lateral veins 15, base broadly cuneate, margins obscurely serrulate, apex obtuse, rarely retuse. Flowers 30-70, in dense globose or ovoid, terminal, sessile to shortly pedunculate heads, subtended by involucre of stipules of reduced leaves. Calyx slightly pubescent or glabrous, veins 10; teeth subulate, unequal, lower tooth ca. 2 × others. Corolla purple, rarely pink or white, 12-14(-18) mm; standard spatulate, apex rounded, retuse. Ovary elliptic. Legume ovoid. Seed 1, yellow or brown, ovoid. Fl. and fr. May-Sep.
Cultivated and naturalized; woodland margins, wet meadows, roadsides. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [native to N Africa, SW Asia, and Europe].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Trifolium pratense L.
英文名（English Common Name）：red clover
别名（Chinese Common Name）：红车轴草
异名（Synonym）：Trifolium pratense var. sativum Schreb. Trifolium ukrainicum Opperman Trifolium lenkoranicum (Grossh.)Roskov Trifolium bracteatum Schousb. Trifolium borysthenicum Gruner Trifolium pratense var. lenkoranicum Grossh.
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae,车轴草属
形态特征（Description）：短期多年生草本，生长期2-5 (-9) 年。主根深入土层达1米。茎粗壮，具纵棱，直立或平卧上升，疏生柔毛或秃净。掌状三出复叶；托叶近卵形，膜质，每侧具脉纹8-9条，基部抱茎，先端离生部分渐尖，具锥刺状尖头；叶柄较长，茎上部的叶柄短，被伸展毛或秃净；小叶卵状椭圆形至倒卵形，长1.5-3.5 (-5) 厘米，宽1-2厘米，先端钝，有时微凹，基部阔楔形，两面疏生褐色长柔毛，叶面上常有V字形白斑，侧脉约15对，作20°角展开在叶边处分叉隆起，伸出形成不明显的钝齿；小叶柄短，长约1.5毫米。花序球状或卵状，顶生；无总花梗或具甚短总花梗，包于顶生叶的托叶内，托叶扩展成焰苞状，具花30-70朵，密集；花长12-14 (-18) 毫米；几无花梗；萼钟形，被长柔毛，具脉纹10条，萼齿丝状，锥尖，比萼筒长，最下方1齿比其余萼齿长1倍，萼喉开张，具一多毛的加厚环；花冠紫红色至淡红色，旗瓣匙形，先端圆形，微凹缺，基部狭楔形，明显比翼瓣和龙骨瓣长，龙骨瓣稍比冀瓣短；子房椭圆形，花柱丝状细长，胚珠1-2粒。荚果卵形；通常有1粒扁圆形种子。花果期5-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产欧洲中部，引种到世界各国。我国南北各省区均有种植，并见逸生于林缘、路边、草地等湿润处。
用途（Use）：引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 549, 551
Trifolium pratense Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 768. 1753.
红车轴草 hong che zhou cao | Fabaceae | Trifolium
Perennial herbs, sparsely villous or glabrescent. Stems numerous from crown, erect or ascending, 20-70 cm, stout, striate. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate, basal and cauline, long petiolate in lower leaves, shortly petiolate in upper leaves; stipules ovate-lanceolate, membranous, base adnate to petiole, apex acuminate-subulate; leaflets ovate-elliptic or obovate, rarely elliptic, 1.5-3.5(-5) × 1-2 cm, lateral veins 15, base broadly cuneate, margins obscurely serrulate, apex obtuse, rarely retuse. Flowers 30-70, in dense globose or ovoid, terminal, sessile to shortly pedunculate heads, subtended by involucre of stipules of reduced leaves. Calyx slightly pubescent or glabrous, veins 10; teeth subulate, unequal, lower tooth ca. 2 × others. Corolla purple, rarely pink or white, 12-14(-18) mm; standard spatulate, apex rounded, retuse. Ovary elliptic. Legume ovoid. Seed 1, yellow or brown, ovoid. Fl. and fr. May-Sep.
Cultivated and naturalized; woodland margins, wet meadows, roadsides. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [native to N Africa, SW Asia, and Europe].
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