挖耳草Utricularia bifida
中文名（Chinese Name）：挖耳草
学名（Scientific Name）：Utricularia bifida L.
英文名（English Common Name）：bladderwort
别名（Chinese Common Name）：金耳挖，割鸡芒
异名（Synonym）：Nelipus bifida (L.) Raf. Utricularia alata Benj. Utricularia antirrhinoides Wall. Utricularia brevicaulis Benj. Utricularia recurva Lour. Utricularia sumatrana Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：狸藻科（Lentibulariaceae）狸藻属
形态特征（Description）：陆生小草本。假根少数，丝状，基部增厚，具多数长0.5-1毫米的乳头状分枝。匍匐枝少数，丝状，具分枝。叶器生于匍匐枝上，于开花前凋萎或于花期宿存，狭线形或线状倒披针形，顶端急尖或钝形，长7-30毫米，宽1-4毫米，膜质，无毛，具1脉。捕虫囊生于叶器及匍匐枝上，球形，侧扁，长0.6-1毫米，具柄；口基生，上唇具2条钻形附属物，下唇钝形，无附属物。花序直立，长2-40厘米，中部以上具1-16朵疏离的花；花序梗圆柱状，粗0.3-1毫米，上部光滑，下部具细小的腺体，具1-5鳞片；苞片与鳞片相似，基部着生，宽卵状长圆形，顶端钝，长约1毫米；小苞片线状披针形，长约0.5毫米；花梗长2-5毫米，丝状，具翅，于花期直立，花后伸长并下弯。花萼2裂达基部，上唇稍大，裂片宽卵形，顶端钝，基部下延，花期长3-4毫米，果期增大，长5-6毫米，无毛。花冠黄色，长6-10毫米，外面无毛；上唇狭长圆形或长卵形，顶端圆形，长3-4.5毫米，宽2-3毫米，下唇近圆形，长4-4.5毫米，宽3.5-4毫米，顶端圆形或具2-3浅圆齿，喉凸隆起呈浅囊状；距钻形，长3-5毫米，与下唇成锐角或钝角叉开。雄蕊无毛；花丝线形，长约1毫米，近伸直，上部略膨大；药室于顶端汇合。雌蕊无毛；子房卵球形；花柱短而显著；柱头下唇近圆形，反曲，上唇较短，钝形。蒴果宽椭圆球形，背腹扁，果皮膜质，长2.5-3毫米，室背开裂。种子多数，卵球形或长球形，长0.4-0.6毫米；种皮无毛，具网状突起，网格纵向延长，多少扭曲。花期6-12月，果期7月一次年1月。
分布（Distribution）：产山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、海南、广西、四川和云南。生于沼泽地、稻田或沟边湿地，海拔40-1350米。也分布于印度、孟加拉、中南半岛、马来西亚、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、日本和澳大利亚北部。
用途（Use）：引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 482, 484
FOC | Family List | FOC Vol. 19
5. Utricularia bifida Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 18. 1753.
挖耳草 wa er cao| Lentibulariaceae | Utricularia
Philydrum cavaleriei H. Léveillé; Utricularia alata Benjamin; U. biflora Hayata (1911), not Lamarck (1791); U. humilis Vahl; U. recurva Loureiro; U. wallichiana Benjamin.
Annuals, terrestrial. Rhizoids and stolons capillary, branched. Traps on stolons and leaves, shortly stalked, globose, 0.5-1 mm, mouth basal; appendages 2, dorsal, subulate, curved. Leaves arising from stolon nodes, few to numerous, petiolate; leaf blade narrowly linear to linear-oblanceolate, 0.7-2(-3) cm × 1-4 mm, membranous, glabrous, vein 1, base attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded to subacute. Inflorescences erect, 2-40 cm, 1-16-flowered, glabrous; peduncle terete, 0.3-1.2 mm thick; scales few, similar to bracts; bracts basifixed, ovate, 1-2 mm, apex obtuse to acute. Pedicel spreading at anthesis but decurved in fruit, 2-5 mm, capillary, broadly winged; bracteoles subulate, much shorter than bracts, apex acute. Calyx lobes 3-4 mm at anthesis but 5-6 mm in fruit, glabrous; lower lobe ovate, slightly smaller than upper lobes, apex rounded to emarginate; upper lobe broadly ovate, apex obtuse. Corolla yellow, 6-10 mm; lower lip suborbicular, base with a prominent rounded swelling, apex rounded; spur subulate, ± as long as lower corolla lip, widely divergent, curved, apex acute; palate margin ciliate; upper lip oblong to oblong-obovate, apex rounded. Filaments ca. 1 mm, straight; anther thecae distinct. Ovary ovoid, dorsiventrally compressed; style evident; stigma lower lip semicircular, upper lip obtuse. Capsule broadly ellipsoid, 2.5-3 mm, dorsiventrally compressed, dehiscing by longitudinal dorsal and ventral slits. Seeds obliquely obovoid, 0.4-0.6 mm; seed coat with prominent elongate reticulations. Fl. Jun-Dec, fr. Jul-Jan.
Wet soil and rocks, rice fields; near sea level to 1400 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia, Pacific islands (Guam, Palau)].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Utricularia bifida L.
英文名（English Common Name）：bladderwort
别名（Chinese Common Name）：金耳挖，割鸡芒
异名（Synonym）：Nelipus bifida (L.) Raf. Utricularia alata Benj. Utricularia antirrhinoides Wall. Utricularia brevicaulis Benj. Utricularia recurva Lour. Utricularia sumatrana Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：狸藻科（Lentibulariaceae）狸藻属
形态特征（Description）：陆生小草本。假根少数，丝状，基部增厚，具多数长0.5-1毫米的乳头状分枝。匍匐枝少数，丝状，具分枝。叶器生于匍匐枝上，于开花前凋萎或于花期宿存，狭线形或线状倒披针形，顶端急尖或钝形，长7-30毫米，宽1-4毫米，膜质，无毛，具1脉。捕虫囊生于叶器及匍匐枝上，球形，侧扁，长0.6-1毫米，具柄；口基生，上唇具2条钻形附属物，下唇钝形，无附属物。花序直立，长2-40厘米，中部以上具1-16朵疏离的花；花序梗圆柱状，粗0.3-1毫米，上部光滑，下部具细小的腺体，具1-5鳞片；苞片与鳞片相似，基部着生，宽卵状长圆形，顶端钝，长约1毫米；小苞片线状披针形，长约0.5毫米；花梗长2-5毫米，丝状，具翅，于花期直立，花后伸长并下弯。花萼2裂达基部，上唇稍大，裂片宽卵形，顶端钝，基部下延，花期长3-4毫米，果期增大，长5-6毫米，无毛。花冠黄色，长6-10毫米，外面无毛；上唇狭长圆形或长卵形，顶端圆形，长3-4.5毫米，宽2-3毫米，下唇近圆形，长4-4.5毫米，宽3.5-4毫米，顶端圆形或具2-3浅圆齿，喉凸隆起呈浅囊状；距钻形，长3-5毫米，与下唇成锐角或钝角叉开。雄蕊无毛；花丝线形，长约1毫米，近伸直，上部略膨大；药室于顶端汇合。雌蕊无毛；子房卵球形；花柱短而显著；柱头下唇近圆形，反曲，上唇较短，钝形。蒴果宽椭圆球形，背腹扁，果皮膜质，长2.5-3毫米，室背开裂。种子多数，卵球形或长球形，长0.4-0.6毫米；种皮无毛，具网状突起，网格纵向延长，多少扭曲。花期6-12月，果期7月一次年1月。
分布（Distribution）：产山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、海南、广西、四川和云南。生于沼泽地、稻田或沟边湿地，海拔40-1350米。也分布于印度、孟加拉、中南半岛、马来西亚、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、日本和澳大利亚北部。
用途（Use）：引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 482, 484
FOC | Family List | FOC Vol. 19
5. Utricularia bifida Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 18. 1753.
挖耳草 wa er cao| Lentibulariaceae | Utricularia
Philydrum cavaleriei H. Léveillé; Utricularia alata Benjamin; U. biflora Hayata (1911), not Lamarck (1791); U. humilis Vahl; U. recurva Loureiro; U. wallichiana Benjamin.
Annuals, terrestrial. Rhizoids and stolons capillary, branched. Traps on stolons and leaves, shortly stalked, globose, 0.5-1 mm, mouth basal; appendages 2, dorsal, subulate, curved. Leaves arising from stolon nodes, few to numerous, petiolate; leaf blade narrowly linear to linear-oblanceolate, 0.7-2(-3) cm × 1-4 mm, membranous, glabrous, vein 1, base attenuate, margin entire, apex rounded to subacute. Inflorescences erect, 2-40 cm, 1-16-flowered, glabrous; peduncle terete, 0.3-1.2 mm thick; scales few, similar to bracts; bracts basifixed, ovate, 1-2 mm, apex obtuse to acute. Pedicel spreading at anthesis but decurved in fruit, 2-5 mm, capillary, broadly winged; bracteoles subulate, much shorter than bracts, apex acute. Calyx lobes 3-4 mm at anthesis but 5-6 mm in fruit, glabrous; lower lobe ovate, slightly smaller than upper lobes, apex rounded to emarginate; upper lobe broadly ovate, apex obtuse. Corolla yellow, 6-10 mm; lower lip suborbicular, base with a prominent rounded swelling, apex rounded; spur subulate, ± as long as lower corolla lip, widely divergent, curved, apex acute; palate margin ciliate; upper lip oblong to oblong-obovate, apex rounded. Filaments ca. 1 mm, straight; anther thecae distinct. Ovary ovoid, dorsiventrally compressed; style evident; stigma lower lip semicircular, upper lip obtuse. Capsule broadly ellipsoid, 2.5-3 mm, dorsiventrally compressed, dehiscing by longitudinal dorsal and ventral slits. Seeds obliquely obovoid, 0.4-0.6 mm; seed coat with prominent elongate reticulations. Fl. Jun-Dec, fr. Jul-Jan.
Wet soil and rocks, rice fields; near sea level to 1400 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia, Pacific islands (Guam, Palau)].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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