山菠菜Prunella asiatica

中文名(Chinese Name):山菠菜
学名(Scientific Name):Prunella asiatica Nakai
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):灯笼头、东北夏枯草
异名(Synonym):Prunella asiatica var. albiflora (Koidz.) Nakai  Prunella japonica Makino  Prunella vulgaris f. taiwanalpina T.Yamaz.  Prunella vulgaris var. aleutica Fernald  Prunella vulgaris var. nanhutashanense S.S.Ying  Prunella vulgaris var. taiwaniana S.S.Ying  Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica (Nakai) H.Hara
科属(Family & Genus):唇形科(Labiatae)夏枯草属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,具有匍匐茎及从下部节上生出的密集须根。茎多数,从基部发出,上升,下部多少伏地,高20-60厘米,钝四棱形,具疏柔毛,尤以上部为甚,紫红色。茎叶卵圆形或卵圆状长圆形,长3-4.5厘米,宽1-1.5厘米,先端钝或近急尖,基部楔形或渐狭,上面绿色,贴生微疏柔毛或近无毛,下面淡绿色,在脉上被微疏柔毛,边缘疏生波状齿或圆齿状锯齿,侧脉3-4对,上面多少凹陷,下面稍隆起,叶柄显著,长1-2厘米,腹平背凸,多少具狭翅,被疏柔毛;花序下方的1-2对叶较狭长,近于宽披针形,叶柄短或近于无柄。轮伞花序6花,聚集于枝顶组成长3-5厘米的穗状花序,每一轮伞花序下方均承以苞片;苞片向上渐变小,扁圆形,宽大,长5-8毫米,宽6-15毫米,先端染红色,具长2-3毫米尾状尖头,膜质,有自基部放射状的脉,脉在边缘上闭锁,显著,外面在脉上及边缘内方具疏柔毛,边缘上有纤毛,内面无毛;花梗短,长约2毫米,被柔毛。花萼连齿在内长约10毫米,先端红色或紫色,筒长4毫米,陀螺状,外面被白色具节柔毛,内面无毛,萼檐二唇形,上唇扁平,宽大,近圆形,宽约6毫米,明显具网脉,外面在两侧肋上具疏柔毛,两侧边缘具纤毛,先端有3个近截形的短齿,中齿最宽大,齿间不明显,齿尖长1毫米,为刺芒状,下唇较狭,宽3.5毫米, 2深裂,裂片达唇片长之半,披针形,具脉,边缘具缘毛,先端具小刺尖。花冠淡紫或深紫色,长18-21毫米,冠筒长约10毫米,中部以上骤然增大,外面无毛,内面近基部1/3具近水平向的鳞毛毛环,冠檐二唇形,上唇长圆形,长9毫米,宽6毫米,内凹,龙骨状,先端微缺,外面在脊上稍具微柔毛或近于无毛,下唇宽大,长约8毫米,宽约9毫米,3裂,中裂片较大,近圆形,边缘具流苏状小裂片,侧裂片长圆形,细小,下垂。雄蕊4,前对长很多,均上升至上唇片之下,彼此分离,扁平,极无毛,花丝先端2裂,1裂片具花药,1裂片超出于花药之上,花药2室,室极叉开。花柱丝状,伸出于雄蕊之上,先端相等2浅裂。花盘近平顶。子房棕褐色,无毛。小坚果卵珠状,长1.5毫米,宽1毫米,顶端浑圆,棕色,无毛。花期5-7月,果期8-9月。
分布(Distribution):产东北、山西、山东、江苏、浙江、安徽及江西;生于海拔1700米以下路旁、山坡草地、灌丛及潮湿地上。日本、朝鲜也有。
用途(Use):全草入药,江苏民间用作利尿,降血压,治淋病及瘰病,又可当茶饮。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 17 Page 135
Prunella asiatica Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 44: 19. 1930.
山菠菜 shan bo cai | Lamiaceae  | Prunella
Prunella asiatica var. albiflora (Koidzumi) Nakai; P. vulgaris Linnaeus var. albiflora Koidzumi.
Stems purple-red, numerous, ascending, 20-60 cm, pilose especially toward apex. Petiole 1-2 cm; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong, 3-4.5 × 1-1.5 cm, adaxially appressed puberulent or subglabrous, abaxially sparsely pilose on veins, base cuneate to attenuate, margin slightly undulate or crenate-serrate, apex obtuse to acute. Spikes terminal, 3-5 cm, sessile; floral leaves subsessile or short petiolate, broadly lanceolate; bracts tinged red, reduced at apex, oblate, 5-8 × 6-8 mm, caudate, veins pilose. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Calyx ca. 1 cm, apex red or purple, white villous, tube ca. 4 mm, turbinate; upper lip subcircular, ca. 6 mm wide, truncate; lower lip narrower, ca. 3.5 mm, teeth lanceolate, spiny. Corolla purplish or dark purple to white, 1.8-2.1 cm, glabrous; tube ca. 1 cm, abruptly dilated beyond middle; upper lip oblong, ca. 9 × 6 mm, concave, keeled; lower lip ca. 8 × 9 mm, middle lobe subcircular, fringed; lateral lobes oblong, small, pendulous. Anterior stamens very long. Nutlets ovoid, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, apex rounded, glabrous. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.
Grassy slopes, wet areas, thickets; 0-1700 m. Anhui, Heilong-jiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea]
Used as a diuretic.
山菠菜Prunella asiatica

山菠菜Prunella asiatica

山菠菜Prunella asiatica

山菠菜Prunella asiatica
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