黄秦艽Veratrilla baillonii

中文名(Chinese Name):黄秦艽
学名(Scientific Name):Veratrilla baillonii Franch.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):滇黄芩、黄龙胆
异名(Synonym):Swertia mekongensis Balf. f. et Forrest
科属(Family & Genus):龙胆科(Gentianaceae)黄秦艽属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,高30-45(85)厘米,全株光滑,基部有枯存的黑褐色残叶,主根粗壮,黄色,圆锥形。茎直立,粗壮,黄绿色或上部紫色,中空,圆形,有细条棱,不分枝。基部叶呈莲座状,具长柄,叶片矩圆状匙形,长5-14厘米,宽1.2-2.5厘米,先端圆形或钝圆,基部渐狭,边缘平滑,叶脉3-5条,在下面细而明显,叶柄细,长(2)5-8厘米;茎生叶多对,无柄,卵状椭圆形,长3.5-8厘米,宽1.3-3.5厘米,愈向茎上部叶愈小,先端钝,基部圆形,半抱茎,边缘平滑,叶脉3-5条,在下面细而明显。圆锥状复聚伞花序异形,雌株花较少,花序狭窄,疏松,雄株花甚多,花序宽大,密集;花4数;花萼分裂至近基部,萼筒甚短,裂片先端钝,边缘平滑,脉1-3条,细而明显或否,雌花的萼片长4-5毫米,卵状披针形,雄花的萼片长2-2.5毫米,线状披针形;花冠黄绿色,有紫色脉纹,长6-7毫米,冠筒短,长仅1.5-2毫米,裂片矩圆状匙形,长4-5毫米,先端钝圆,雌花的先端常凹形,基部具2个紫色腺斑;雄蕊着生于花冠裂片弯缺处,与裂片互生,雌花的雄蕊退化,甚小,长仅0.5毫米,雄花的雄蕊发育,花丝线形,长1.5-2毫米,花药椭圆形,长0.8-1毫米;子房无柄,卵形,先端渐尖,花柱不明显,柱头小,2裂,雌花者长4-5毫米,雄花者不发育,长仅0.8毫米。蒴果无柄,卵圆形,长6-7毫米;种子深褐色,近圆形,直径1.7-2毫米,表面具细网纹。周缘具宽翅。花果期5-8月。
分布(Distribution):产西藏、云南、四川。生于海拔3200-4600米山坡草地、灌丛中、高山灌丛草甸。在印度也有。
用途(Use):本种入药,清热、消炎、解毒、杀虫。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 16 Page 101
Veratrilla baillonii Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 46: 311. 1899.
黄秦艽 huang qin jiao| Gentianaceae  | Veratrilla
Swertia mekongensis I. B. Balfour & Forrest.
Plants 30-45(-85) cm tall. Basal leaf petiole (2-)5-8 cm; leaf blade 5-14 × 1.2-2.5 cm. Stem leaves ovate-elliptic, 3.5-8 × 1.3-3.5 cm. Calyx lobes apex obtuse, veins 1-3. Corolla yellow-green, with purple veins, 6-7 mm, tube 1-1.5 mm; lobes oblong-spatulate, 4-5 mm, apex obtuse. Inflorescences of male plants a large crowded panicle. Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. Stamens fertile; filaments 1.5-2 mm; anthers ellipsoid, 0.8-1 mm. Pistil aborted. Inflorescences of female plants lax, racemelike, few flowered. Calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. Corolla lobes obtuse, with a purple gland patch often divided longitudinally into 2 separate patches. Stamens sterile, ca. 0.5 mm. Pistil 4-5 mm. Ovary ovoid. Style indistinct; stigma lobes suborbicular. Capsules ovoid, 6-7 mm. Seeds dark brown, subdiscoid, 1.7-2 mm; broadly winged; seed coat reticulate. Fl. and fr. May-Aug.
Meadow slopes, scrub, alpine scrub meadows; 3200-4600 m. W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [E India].
黄秦艽Veratrilla baillonii

黄秦艽Veratrilla baillonii

黄秦艽Veratrilla baillonii(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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