黑穗薹草Carex atrata
中文名（Chinese Name）：黑穗薹草
学名（Scientific Name）：Carex atrata L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：小鳞薹草
异名（Synonym）：Carex paishanensis Nakai Carex atrata var. japonalpina T. Koyama Carex japonalpina (T. Koyama) T. Koyama Loxanisa atrata (L.) Raf. Trasus atratus (L.) Gray Carex atrata var. typica Beck Carex atrata var. varia Gaudin
科属（Family & Genus）：莎草科（Cyperaceae）薹草属
形态特征（Description）：根状茎短。秆密丛生，高15-65厘米，三棱形，上部稍粗糙，顶端稍向下倾斜，基部叶鞘无叶片，紫红色，稍网状分裂。叶短于秆，宽3-5毫米，稍粗糙。苞片最下部的1-2枚叶状，无鞘，上部的刚毛状或鳞片状。小穗3-5个，接近，顶生小穗雌雄顺序，倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形。侧生小穗雌性，长圆形，长1-1.5厘米，宽约5-6毫米；下部2个具长柄，稍下垂。雌花鳞片卵形至狭卵形，顶端稍急尖至渐尖，褐色，黑褐色至紫褐色，背部中脉色淡。果囊与鳞片几等长或稍短或稍长，椭圆形或卵形，长3-3.5毫米，淡褐色，顶端深褐色或带紫褐色，无脉，无毛，基部圆形，顶端急缩成圆柱状的短喙，喙口浅2齿裂。小坚果疏松地包于果囊之下半部，倒卵形，三棱形，长1.5-1.7毫米；花柱基部不增粗，柱头3个。
分布（Distribution）：产吉林，生于高山冻原上。朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯及欧洲也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 23 Page 303, 308
Carex atrata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 976. 1753.
黑穗薹草 hei sui tai cao| Cyperaceae | Carex
Rhizome usually short. Culms densely tufted, 15-65 cm tall, trigonous, scabrous above, slightly inclined at apex, clothed at base with purple-red bladeless sheaths disintegrating into slightly reticulate fibers. Leaves shorter than culm, blades linear, 3-5 mm wide. Lower 1 or 2 involucral bracts leaflike, sheathless, upper ones setaceous or glumelike. Spikes 3-5, contiguous; terminal spike gynaecandrous, obovate or oblong; lateral spikes female, oblong, 10-15 × 5-6 mm, lower 2 with long peduncles, pendulous. Female glumes brown, dark brown, or purple-brown, ovate to narrowly ovate, 1-veined pale brownish costa forming a mucro at apex, apex acute to acuminate. Utricles brownish especially on upper part, nearly equaling or slightly shorter or longer than glume, elliptic or ovate, plano-convex, 3-3.5 mm, minutely papillose, without conspicuous veins except for 2 costas on edges, apex abruptly contracted into a conic short beak, orifice shallowly 2-toothed. Nutlets loosely enveloped, obovate, trigonous, 1.5-1.7 mm; style base not thickened; stigmas 3.
Alpine frozen soil, thickets, alpine meadows. Jilin, Qinghai, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia; C Asia, Europe].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Carex atrata L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：小鳞薹草
异名（Synonym）：Carex paishanensis Nakai Carex atrata var. japonalpina T. Koyama Carex japonalpina (T. Koyama) T. Koyama Loxanisa atrata (L.) Raf. Trasus atratus (L.) Gray Carex atrata var. typica Beck Carex atrata var. varia Gaudin
科属（Family & Genus）：莎草科（Cyperaceae）薹草属
形态特征（Description）：根状茎短。秆密丛生，高15-65厘米，三棱形，上部稍粗糙，顶端稍向下倾斜，基部叶鞘无叶片，紫红色，稍网状分裂。叶短于秆，宽3-5毫米，稍粗糙。苞片最下部的1-2枚叶状，无鞘，上部的刚毛状或鳞片状。小穗3-5个，接近，顶生小穗雌雄顺序，倒卵形或长圆状倒卵形。侧生小穗雌性，长圆形，长1-1.5厘米，宽约5-6毫米；下部2个具长柄，稍下垂。雌花鳞片卵形至狭卵形，顶端稍急尖至渐尖，褐色，黑褐色至紫褐色，背部中脉色淡。果囊与鳞片几等长或稍短或稍长，椭圆形或卵形，长3-3.5毫米，淡褐色，顶端深褐色或带紫褐色，无脉，无毛，基部圆形，顶端急缩成圆柱状的短喙，喙口浅2齿裂。小坚果疏松地包于果囊之下半部，倒卵形，三棱形，长1.5-1.7毫米；花柱基部不增粗，柱头3个。
分布（Distribution）：产吉林，生于高山冻原上。朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯及欧洲也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 23 Page 303, 308
Carex atrata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 976. 1753.
黑穗薹草 hei sui tai cao| Cyperaceae | Carex
Rhizome usually short. Culms densely tufted, 15-65 cm tall, trigonous, scabrous above, slightly inclined at apex, clothed at base with purple-red bladeless sheaths disintegrating into slightly reticulate fibers. Leaves shorter than culm, blades linear, 3-5 mm wide. Lower 1 or 2 involucral bracts leaflike, sheathless, upper ones setaceous or glumelike. Spikes 3-5, contiguous; terminal spike gynaecandrous, obovate or oblong; lateral spikes female, oblong, 10-15 × 5-6 mm, lower 2 with long peduncles, pendulous. Female glumes brown, dark brown, or purple-brown, ovate to narrowly ovate, 1-veined pale brownish costa forming a mucro at apex, apex acute to acuminate. Utricles brownish especially on upper part, nearly equaling or slightly shorter or longer than glume, elliptic or ovate, plano-convex, 3-3.5 mm, minutely papillose, without conspicuous veins except for 2 costas on edges, apex abruptly contracted into a conic short beak, orifice shallowly 2-toothed. Nutlets loosely enveloped, obovate, trigonous, 1.5-1.7 mm; style base not thickened; stigmas 3.
Alpine frozen soil, thickets, alpine meadows. Jilin, Qinghai, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia; C Asia, Europe].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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