中文名（Chinese Name）：皱子白花菜
学名（Scientific Name）：Cleome rutidosperma DC.
英文名（English Common Name）：fringed spiderflower
别名（Chinese Common Name）：平伏茎白花菜
异名（Synonym）：Cleome ciliata Schumach. et Thonn.；Cleome guineensis Hook.f.；Cleome rutidosperma var. hainanensis J.L.Shan；Cleome rytidosperma DC. ex Schult. f.；Cleome thyrsiflora De Wild. & T.Durand 
科属（Family & Genus）：山柑科（Capparaceae）白花菜属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本。茎直立、开展或平卧，分枝疏散，高达90厘米，无刺，茎、叶柄及叶背脉上疏被无腺疏长柔毛，有时近无毛。叶具3小叶，叶柄长2-20毫米（茎下部的叶未见）；小叶椭圆状披针形，有时近斜方状椭圆形，顶端急尖或渐尖、钝形或圆形，基部渐狭或楔形，几无小叶柄，边缘有具纤毛的细齿，中央小叶最大，长1-2.5厘米宽5-12毫米，侧生小叶较小，两侧不对称。花单生于茎上部叶具短柄叶片较小的叶腋内，常2-3花连接着生在2-3节上形成开展有叶而间断的花序；花梗纤细，长1.2-2厘米，果时长约3厘米；萼片4，绿色，分离，狭披针形，顶端尾状渐尖，长约4毫米，背部被短柔毛，边缘有纤毛；花瓣4，新鲜标本上2个中央花瓣中部有黄色横带， 2个侧生花瓣颜色一样，顶端急尖或钝形，有小凸尖头，基部渐狭延成短爪，长约6毫米，宽约2毫米，近倒披针状椭圆形，全缘，两面无毛；花盘不明显，花托长约1毫米，雄蕊6，花丝长5-7毫米，花药长1.5-2毫米；雌蕊柄长1.5-2毫米，果时长4-6毫米；子房线柱形，长5-13毫米，无毛，有些花中子房不育，长仅2-3毫米；花柱短而粗，柱头头状。果线柱形，表面平坦或微呈念珠状，两端变狭，顶端有喙，长3.5-6厘米，中部直径3.5-4.5毫米；果瓣质薄，有纵向近平行脉，常自两侧开裂。种子近圆形，直径1.5-1.8毫米，背部有20-30条横向脊状皱纹，皱纹上有细乳状突起，爪开张，彼此不相联，爪的腹面边缘有一条白色假种皮带。花果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产热带西非，生于路旁草地、荒地、田间等处，已成泛热带杂草。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 7 Page 430
Cleome rutidosperma Candolle, Prodr. 1: 241. 1824.
皱子白花菜 zhou zi bai hua cai | Cleomaceae  | Cleome
Cleome ciliata Schumacher & Thonning.
Herbs, annual or rarely perennial, 30-100 cm tall. Stems branched, often with decumbent branches, glabrous or glabrescent to slightly scabrous but sometimes glandular pubescent. Stipules ca. 0.5 mm, scalelike or absent. Petiole 0.5-3.5 cm, proximally winged; leaflets 3; leaflet blades oblanceolate to rhomboid-elliptic, 1-3.5 × 0.5-1.7 cm, abaxially with curved trichomes on veins especially when young, adaxially glabrous, margins entire or serrulate-ciliate, apex acute, obtuse, or sometimes acuminate. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, 2-4 cm but 8-15 cm in fruit, 3-6-flowered; bracts leaflike, 3-foliate, 1-3.5 cm. Pedicel 1.1-2.1 cm but 1.8-3 cm in fruit. Sepals yellow, narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-4 × 0.2-0.3 mm, ± persistent, glabrous, margin ciliate. Petals white or speckled with purple, oblong to narrowly ovate, 7-10 × 1.5-2.3 mm; central 2 petals outside with a yellow transverse band. Filaments yellow, 5-7 mm; anthers purplish brown, 1-2 mm. Pistil 2-3 mm, glabrous; style 0.5-1.4 mm. Fruit with a 4-12 mm gynophore; capsule 40-70 × 3-4 mm, striate. Seeds 4-25 per capsule, reddish brown to black with white funicular aril, 1-1.5 mm, slender, striately verrucose. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 20, 30.
Between paddy fields, streamsides, wetlands; near sea level to 200 m. Introduced and naturalized in Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan (Qiongshan), Taiwan, and W Yunnan (Luxi) [native to tropical Africa; naturalized in tropical America, Asia, and Australia].
This species is an invasive weed throughout most lowland wet tropical areas of Asia and Australia.（责任编辑：徐晔春）