灯心草Juncus effusus
中文名（Chinese Name）：灯心草
学名（Scientific Name）：Juncus effusus L.
英文名（English Common Name）：common rush
别名（Chinese Common Name）：灯芯草
异名（Synonym）：Juncus communis E.Mey. Juncus laevis Wallr. Juncus laevis var. effusus (L.) Wallr. Juncus conglomeratus var. effusus (L.) Kostel. Juncus communis subsp. effusus (L.) Celak Juncus effusus var. macranthelus K.Koch Juncus communis var. effusus (L.) Meyer Juncus bogotensis var. solutus (Fernald & Wiegand) Farw.
科属（Family & Genus）：灯心草科（Juncaceae）灯心草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高27-91厘米，有时更高；根状茎粗壮横走，具黄褐色稍粗的须根。茎丛生，直立，圆柱型，淡绿色，具纵条纹，直径（1-）1.5-3（-4）毫米，茎内充满白色的髓心。叶全部为低出叶，呈鞘状或鳞片状，包围在茎的基部，长1-22厘米，基部红褐至黑褐色；叶片退化为刺芒状。聚伞花序假侧生，含多花，排列紧密或疏散；总苞片圆柱形，生于顶端，似茎的延伸，直立，长5-28厘米，顶端尖锐；小苞片2枚，宽卵形，膜质，顶端尖；花淡绿色；花被片线状披针形，长2-12.7毫米，宽约0.8毫米，顶端锐尖，背脊增厚突出，黄绿色，边缘膜质，外轮者稍长于内轮；雄蕊3枚（偶有6枚），长约为花被片的2/3；花药长圆形，黄色，长约0.7毫米，稍短于花丝；雌蕊具3室子房；花柱极短；柱头3分叉，长约1毫米。蒴果长圆形或卵形，长约2.8毫米，顶端钝或微凹，黄褐色。种子卵状长圆形，长0.5-0.6毫米，黄褐色。染色体：2n=40，42。花期4-7月，果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国大部分省区，生于海拔1650-3400米的河边、池旁、水沟，稻田旁、草地及沼泽湿处。全世界温暖地区均有。
用途（Use）：茎内白色髓心除供点灯和烛心用外，入药有利尿、清凉、镇静作用；茎皮纤维可作编织和造纸原料。
引自植物志英文版： FOC Vol. 24 Page 48
Juncus effusus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 326. 1753.
灯心草 deng xin cao | Juncaceae | Juncus
Plants perennial, densely tufted. Rhizome shortly creeping, thick. Stems terete, 25--90 cm or taller × 1--3(--4) mm, striate; pith continuous. Cataphylls closely embracing stem, reddish brown to chestnut brown, sheathlike, 2--22 cm. Inflorescences pseudolateral, densely to laxly many flowered; involucral bract erect, seemingly a continuation of stem, terete, 5--28 cm. Perianth segments usually pale brown, linear-lanceolate, 2--2.7 × ca. 0.8 mm, unequal with outer ones slightly longer than inner, apex acute. Stamens 3(or 6), ca. 2/3 as long as perianth; anthers 0.5--0.7 mm, slightly shorter than filaments. Ovary 3-loculed. Style very short. Capsule ovoid to oblong, slightly depressed or not, subequaling or slightly longer than perianth, 3-septate, apex obtuse. Seeds ovoid-oblong, 0.5--0.6 mm, reticulate. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. May--Sep. 2 n = 40, 42.
Forest margins, wet grasslands, pools, morasses, lake margins, river banks, fields, rice fields; 200--3400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; widespread in temperate and montane-tropical regions].
The pith is used as a wick for oil lamps and candles, and also medicinally as a diuretic and tranquilizer.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Juncus effusus L.
英文名（English Common Name）：common rush
别名（Chinese Common Name）：灯芯草
异名（Synonym）：Juncus communis E.Mey. Juncus laevis Wallr. Juncus laevis var. effusus (L.) Wallr. Juncus conglomeratus var. effusus (L.) Kostel. Juncus communis subsp. effusus (L.) Celak Juncus effusus var. macranthelus K.Koch Juncus communis var. effusus (L.) Meyer Juncus bogotensis var. solutus (Fernald & Wiegand) Farw.
科属（Family & Genus）：灯心草科（Juncaceae）灯心草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高27-91厘米，有时更高；根状茎粗壮横走，具黄褐色稍粗的须根。茎丛生，直立，圆柱型，淡绿色，具纵条纹，直径（1-）1.5-3（-4）毫米，茎内充满白色的髓心。叶全部为低出叶，呈鞘状或鳞片状，包围在茎的基部，长1-22厘米，基部红褐至黑褐色；叶片退化为刺芒状。聚伞花序假侧生，含多花，排列紧密或疏散；总苞片圆柱形，生于顶端，似茎的延伸，直立，长5-28厘米，顶端尖锐；小苞片2枚，宽卵形，膜质，顶端尖；花淡绿色；花被片线状披针形，长2-12.7毫米，宽约0.8毫米，顶端锐尖，背脊增厚突出，黄绿色，边缘膜质，外轮者稍长于内轮；雄蕊3枚（偶有6枚），长约为花被片的2/3；花药长圆形，黄色，长约0.7毫米，稍短于花丝；雌蕊具3室子房；花柱极短；柱头3分叉，长约1毫米。蒴果长圆形或卵形，长约2.8毫米，顶端钝或微凹，黄褐色。种子卵状长圆形，长0.5-0.6毫米，黄褐色。染色体：2n=40，42。花期4-7月，果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国大部分省区，生于海拔1650-3400米的河边、池旁、水沟，稻田旁、草地及沼泽湿处。全世界温暖地区均有。
用途（Use）：茎内白色髓心除供点灯和烛心用外，入药有利尿、清凉、镇静作用；茎皮纤维可作编织和造纸原料。
引自植物志英文版： FOC Vol. 24 Page 48
Juncus effusus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 326. 1753.
灯心草 deng xin cao | Juncaceae | Juncus
Plants perennial, densely tufted. Rhizome shortly creeping, thick. Stems terete, 25--90 cm or taller × 1--3(--4) mm, striate; pith continuous. Cataphylls closely embracing stem, reddish brown to chestnut brown, sheathlike, 2--22 cm. Inflorescences pseudolateral, densely to laxly many flowered; involucral bract erect, seemingly a continuation of stem, terete, 5--28 cm. Perianth segments usually pale brown, linear-lanceolate, 2--2.7 × ca. 0.8 mm, unequal with outer ones slightly longer than inner, apex acute. Stamens 3(or 6), ca. 2/3 as long as perianth; anthers 0.5--0.7 mm, slightly shorter than filaments. Ovary 3-loculed. Style very short. Capsule ovoid to oblong, slightly depressed or not, subequaling or slightly longer than perianth, 3-septate, apex obtuse. Seeds ovoid-oblong, 0.5--0.6 mm, reticulate. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. May--Sep. 2 n = 40, 42.
Forest margins, wet grasslands, pools, morasses, lake margins, river banks, fields, rice fields; 200--3400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; widespread in temperate and montane-tropical regions].
The pith is used as a wick for oil lamps and candles, and also medicinally as a diuretic and tranquilizer.
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