虎杖Polygonum cuspidatum
中文名（Chinese Name）：虎杖
学名（Scientific Name）：Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.
英文名（English Common Name）：Japanese knotweed
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大接骨
异名（Synonym）：Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. Pleuropterus cuspidatus (Siebold et Zucc.) H. Gross Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold et Zucc. Reynoutria henryi Nakai Tiniaria japonica (Houtt.) Hedberg. Pleuropterus zuccarinii (Small) Small Polygonum zuccarinii Small Polygonum cuspidatum var. compactum (Hook f.) Bailey Polygonum reynoutria Makino
科属（Family & Genus）：蓼科（Polygonaceae）蓼属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。根状茎粗壮，横走。茎直立，高1-2米，粗壮，空心，具明显的纵棱，具小突起，无毛，散生红色或紫红斑点。叶宽卵形或卵状椭圆形，长5-12厘米，宽4-9厘米，近革质，顶端渐尖，基部宽楔形、截形或近圆形，边缘全缘，疏生小突起，两面无毛，沿叶脉具小突起；叶柄长1-2厘米，具小突起；托叶鞘膜质，偏斜，长3-5毫米，褐色，具纵脉，无毛，顶端截形，无缘毛，常破裂，早落。花单性，雌雄异株，花序圆锥状，长3-8厘米，腋生；苞片漏斗状，长1.5-2毫米，顶端渐尖，无缘毛，每苞内具2-4花；花梗长2-4毫米，中下部具关节；花被5深裂，淡绿色，雄花花被片具绿色中脉，无翅，雄蕊8, 比花被长；雌花花被片外面3片背部具翅，果时增大，翅扩展下延，花柱3, 柱头流苏状。瘦果卵形，具3棱，长4-5毫米，黑褐色，有光泽，包于宿存花被内。花期8-9月，果期9-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、华东、华中、华南、四川、云南及贵州，生海拔140-2000米山坡灌丛、山谷、路旁、田边湿地。朝鲜、日本也有。
用途（Use）：根状茎供药用，有活血、散瘀、通经、镇咳等功效。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 319
Reynoutria japonica Houttuyn, Nat. Hist. 2(8): 639. 1777.
虎杖 hu zhang| Polygonaceae | Reynoutria
Fallopia japonica (Houttuyn) Ronse Decraene; F. japonica var. compacta (J. D. Hooker) J. Bailey; Pleuropterus cuspidatus H. Gross; Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zuccarini (1846), not Willdenow ex Sprengel (1825); Reynoutria henryi Nakai; Tiniaria japonica (Houttuyn) Hedberg.
Herbs perennial. Rhizomes thickened. Stems numerous, erect, 1-2 m tall, stout, branched above, striate, papillate, often with red or purple spots. Leaves often deciduous; petiole 1-2 cm, papillate; leaf blade ovate or broadly elliptic, 5-12 × 4-9 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, papillate along veins, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate, margin entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate, not ciliate. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, 3-8 cm; bracts funnel-shaped, 1-2 mm, oblique, each 2-4-flowered. Pedicels 3-4 mm, slender, articulate below middle. Perianth white or greenish, 5-parted. Male flowers: stamens 8, longer than perianth. Female flowers: 3 outer tepals accrescent and winged on abaxial surface; styles 3; stigmas fimbriate. Achenes included in persistent perianth, black-brown, shiny, ovoid-ellipsoid, 4-5 mm. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 44, 52*.
Thickets in valleys, field margins, mountain slopes; 100-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, N Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, ?Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, ?Liaoning, N Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East); widely cultivated and becoming a weed in other parts of the world].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.
英文名（English Common Name）：Japanese knotweed
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大接骨
异名（Synonym）：Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. Pleuropterus cuspidatus (Siebold et Zucc.) H. Gross Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold et Zucc. Reynoutria henryi Nakai Tiniaria japonica (Houtt.) Hedberg. Pleuropterus zuccarinii (Small) Small Polygonum zuccarinii Small Polygonum cuspidatum var. compactum (Hook f.) Bailey Polygonum reynoutria Makino
科属（Family & Genus）：蓼科（Polygonaceae）蓼属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。根状茎粗壮，横走。茎直立，高1-2米，粗壮，空心，具明显的纵棱，具小突起，无毛，散生红色或紫红斑点。叶宽卵形或卵状椭圆形，长5-12厘米，宽4-9厘米，近革质，顶端渐尖，基部宽楔形、截形或近圆形，边缘全缘，疏生小突起，两面无毛，沿叶脉具小突起；叶柄长1-2厘米，具小突起；托叶鞘膜质，偏斜，长3-5毫米，褐色，具纵脉，无毛，顶端截形，无缘毛，常破裂，早落。花单性，雌雄异株，花序圆锥状，长3-8厘米，腋生；苞片漏斗状，长1.5-2毫米，顶端渐尖，无缘毛，每苞内具2-4花；花梗长2-4毫米，中下部具关节；花被5深裂，淡绿色，雄花花被片具绿色中脉，无翅，雄蕊8, 比花被长；雌花花被片外面3片背部具翅，果时增大，翅扩展下延，花柱3, 柱头流苏状。瘦果卵形，具3棱，长4-5毫米，黑褐色，有光泽，包于宿存花被内。花期8-9月，果期9-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、华东、华中、华南、四川、云南及贵州，生海拔140-2000米山坡灌丛、山谷、路旁、田边湿地。朝鲜、日本也有。
用途（Use）：根状茎供药用，有活血、散瘀、通经、镇咳等功效。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 319
Reynoutria japonica Houttuyn, Nat. Hist. 2(8): 639. 1777.
虎杖 hu zhang| Polygonaceae | Reynoutria
Fallopia japonica (Houttuyn) Ronse Decraene; F. japonica var. compacta (J. D. Hooker) J. Bailey; Pleuropterus cuspidatus H. Gross; Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zuccarini (1846), not Willdenow ex Sprengel (1825); Reynoutria henryi Nakai; Tiniaria japonica (Houttuyn) Hedberg.
Herbs perennial. Rhizomes thickened. Stems numerous, erect, 1-2 m tall, stout, branched above, striate, papillate, often with red or purple spots. Leaves often deciduous; petiole 1-2 cm, papillate; leaf blade ovate or broadly elliptic, 5-12 × 4-9 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, papillate along veins, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate, margin entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate, not ciliate. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, 3-8 cm; bracts funnel-shaped, 1-2 mm, oblique, each 2-4-flowered. Pedicels 3-4 mm, slender, articulate below middle. Perianth white or greenish, 5-parted. Male flowers: stamens 8, longer than perianth. Female flowers: 3 outer tepals accrescent and winged on abaxial surface; styles 3; stigmas fimbriate. Achenes included in persistent perianth, black-brown, shiny, ovoid-ellipsoid, 4-5 mm. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 44, 52*.
Thickets in valleys, field margins, mountain slopes; 100-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, N Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, ?Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, ?Liaoning, N Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East); widely cultivated and becoming a weed in other parts of the world].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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