千日红Gomphrena globosa
中文名(Chinese Name):千日红
学名(Scientific Name):Gomphrena globosa Linn.
英文名(English Common Name):common globe amaranth
别名(Chinese Common Name):火球花
异名(Synonym):Amaranthoides globosus var. albiflorus Maza Amaranthoides globosus Maza Gomphrena eriopoda Gillies ex Moq. Gomphrena globosa var. aureiflora Stuchlik Gomphrena globosa var. carnea Moq. Gomphrena tumida Seidl ex Opiz Xeraea globosa Kuntze
科属(Family & Genus):苋科(Amaranthaceae)千日红属
形态特征(Description):一年生直立草本,高20-60厘米;茎粗壮,有分枝,枝略成四棱形,有灰色糙毛,幼时更密,节部稍膨大。叶片纸质,长椭圆形或矩圆状倒卵形,长3.5-13厘米,宽1.5-5厘米,顶端急尖或圆钝,凸尖,基部渐狭,边缘波状,两面有小斑点、白色长柔毛及缘毛,叶柄长1-1.5厘米,有灰色长柔毛。花多数,密生,成顶生球形或矩圆形头状花序,单一或2-3个,直径2-2.5厘米,常紫红色,有时淡紫色或白色;总苞为2绿色对生叶状苞片而成,卵形或心形,长1-1.5厘米,两面有灰色长柔毛;苞片卵形,长3-5毫米,白色,顶端紫红色;小苞片三角状披针形,长1-1.2厘米,紫红色,内面凹陷,顶端渐尖,背棱有细锯齿缘;花被片披针形,长5-6毫米,不展开,顶端渐尖,外面密生白色绵毛,花期后不变硬;雄蕊花丝连合成管状,顶端5浅裂,花药生在裂片的内面,微伸出;花柱条形,比雄蕊管短,柱头2,叉状分枝。胞果近球形,直径2-2.5毫米。种子肾形,棕色,光亮。花果期6-9月。
分布(Distribution):原产美洲热带,我国南北各省均有栽培。
用途(Use):供观赏,头状花序经久不变,除用作花坛及盆景外,还可作花圈、花篮等装饰品。花序入药,有止咳定喘、平肝明目功效,主治支气管哮喘,急、慢性支气管炎,百日咳,肺结核咯血等症。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 5 Page 428
Gomphrena globosa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 224. 1753.
千日红 qian ri hong | Amaranthaceae | Gomphrena
Herbs annual, erect, 20-60 cm tall. Stem stout, branched; branches slightly quadrangular, gray strigose, slightly inflated at nodes. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, long gray hairy; leaf blade oblong or oblong-obovate, 3.5-13 × 1.5-5 cm, papery, long white hairy and ciliate, narrowing toward base, margin undulate, apex acute or obtuse. Heads terminal, 1-3, usually purple, sometimes light purple or white, 2-2.5 cm in diam. Bracts 2, opposite, green, ovate or cordate, 1-1.5 cm, gray hairy; bracts white, purple at apex, ovate, 3-5 mm; bracteoles purple, triangular-lanceolate, much longer than bracts, 1-1.2 cm. Tepals not rigid after anthesis, lanceolate, 5-6 mm, outside densely white lanose, apex acuminate. Filaments connate into a tube, 5-parted at apex. Styles linear, shorter than tube of stamens; stigmas 2, furcate. Utricles subglobose, 2-2.5 mm in diam. Seeds brown, shiny, reniform. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep.
Widely cultivated. Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang [native to neotropics; cultivated and naturalized throughout tropical Asia].
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