小车前Plantago minuta
中文名（Chinese Name）：小车前
学名（Scientific Name）：Plantago minuta Pall.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：条叶车前，细叶车前
异名（Synonym）：Plantago minuta subsp. lessingii (Fisch. et Mey.) N. N. Tsvelev Plantago mongolica Decne. Plantago lessingii Fisch. et C. A. Mey.
科属（Family & Genus）：车前科Plantaginaceae车前属Plantago
形态特征（Description）：一年生或多年生小草本，叶、花序梗及花序轴密被灰白色或灰黄色长柔毛，有时变近无毛。直根细长，无侧根或有少数侧根。根茎短。叶基生呈莲座状，平卧或斜展；叶片硬纸质，线形、狭披针形或狭匙状线形，长3-8厘米，宽1.5-8毫米，先端渐尖，边缘全缘，基部渐狭并下延，叶柄不明显，脉3条，基部扩大成鞘状。花序2至多数；花序梗直立或弓曲上升，长（1-）2-12厘米，纤细；穗状花序短圆柱状至头状，长0.6-2厘米，紧密，有时仅具少数花；苞片宽卵形或宽三角形，长2.2-2.8毫米，宽稍过于长，龙骨突延及顶端，先端钝圆，干时变黑褐色，与萼片外面密生或疏生长柔毛，或仅龙骨状及边缘有长柔毛，毛宿存或于花后脱落，稀近无毛。花萼长2.7-3毫米，龙骨突较宽厚，延至萼片顶端，前对萼片椭圆形或宽椭圆形，后对萼片宽椭圆形。花冠白色，无毛，冠筒约与萼片等长，裂片狭卵形，长1.4-2毫米，全缘或先端波状或有啮齿状细齿，中脉明显，花后反折。雄蕊着生于冠筒内面近顶端，花丝与花柱明显外伸，花药近圆形，先端具三角形小尖头，长约1毫米，干后黄色。胚珠2。蒴果卵球形或宽卵球形，长3.5-4 (-5)毫米，于基部上方周裂。种子2，椭圆状卵形或椭圆形，长（2.5-）3-4毫米，深黄色至深褐色，有光泽，腹面内凹成船形；子叶左右向排列。花期6-8月，果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产蒙古、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、西藏。生于戈壁滩、沙地、沟谷、河滩、沼泽地、盐碱地、田边，海拔400-4300米。俄罗斯（南部）、高加索、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 496, 502
Plantago minuta Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 716. 1776.
小车前 xiao che qian | Plantaginaceae | Plantago
Plantago lessingii Fischer & C. A. Meyer; P. minuta subsp. lessingii (Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Tzvelev; P. mongolica Decaisne.
Herbs, annual. Taproot tenuous. Leaves basal; petiole inconspicuous; leaf blade linear, narrowly lanceolate, or spatulate-linear, 3-8 × 0.2-0.8 cm, rigidly papery, veins 3, base attenuate and decurrent onto petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate. Spikes capitate to shortly cylindric, 0.6-2 cm, densely flowered; peduncle (1-)2-12 cm, tenuous, along with rachis densely grayish to yellowish villous-lanate or sometimes glabrate; bracts broadly ovate to broadly triangular, 2.2-2.8 mm, ± villous or glabrous, keel extending to apex, apex obtuse. Sepals 2.7-3 mm, keel extending to apex, margin wide and scarious; lower sepals elliptic to broadly elliptic; upper sepals broadly elliptic. Corolla white, glabrous; lobes elliptic to narrowly ovate, 1.4-2 mm, patent to reflexed, apex acute to erose. Stamens adnate to near apex of corolla tube, exserted to included; anthers yellow when dry, suborbicular, ca. 1 mm. Pyxis ovoid to broadly ovoid, 3.5-4(-5) mm, circumscissile near base, with 2 seeds. Seeds yellowish brown, ellipsoid-ovoid to ellipsoid, (2.5-)3-4 mm, shiny, with a broad groove on ventral face; cotyledons vertical to ventral side. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep.
Saline places, gravel beds, sandy areas, ravines, boggy places; 400-4300 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, S and SW Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Plantago minuta Pall.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：条叶车前，细叶车前
异名（Synonym）：Plantago minuta subsp. lessingii (Fisch. et Mey.) N. N. Tsvelev Plantago mongolica Decne. Plantago lessingii Fisch. et C. A. Mey.
科属（Family & Genus）：车前科Plantaginaceae车前属Plantago
形态特征（Description）：一年生或多年生小草本，叶、花序梗及花序轴密被灰白色或灰黄色长柔毛，有时变近无毛。直根细长，无侧根或有少数侧根。根茎短。叶基生呈莲座状，平卧或斜展；叶片硬纸质，线形、狭披针形或狭匙状线形，长3-8厘米，宽1.5-8毫米，先端渐尖，边缘全缘，基部渐狭并下延，叶柄不明显，脉3条，基部扩大成鞘状。花序2至多数；花序梗直立或弓曲上升，长（1-）2-12厘米，纤细；穗状花序短圆柱状至头状，长0.6-2厘米，紧密，有时仅具少数花；苞片宽卵形或宽三角形，长2.2-2.8毫米，宽稍过于长，龙骨突延及顶端，先端钝圆，干时变黑褐色，与萼片外面密生或疏生长柔毛，或仅龙骨状及边缘有长柔毛，毛宿存或于花后脱落，稀近无毛。花萼长2.7-3毫米，龙骨突较宽厚，延至萼片顶端，前对萼片椭圆形或宽椭圆形，后对萼片宽椭圆形。花冠白色，无毛，冠筒约与萼片等长，裂片狭卵形，长1.4-2毫米，全缘或先端波状或有啮齿状细齿，中脉明显，花后反折。雄蕊着生于冠筒内面近顶端，花丝与花柱明显外伸，花药近圆形，先端具三角形小尖头，长约1毫米，干后黄色。胚珠2。蒴果卵球形或宽卵球形，长3.5-4 (-5)毫米，于基部上方周裂。种子2，椭圆状卵形或椭圆形，长（2.5-）3-4毫米，深黄色至深褐色，有光泽，腹面内凹成船形；子叶左右向排列。花期6-8月，果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产蒙古、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、西藏。生于戈壁滩、沙地、沟谷、河滩、沼泽地、盐碱地、田边，海拔400-4300米。俄罗斯（南部）、高加索、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 496, 502
Plantago minuta Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 716. 1776.
小车前 xiao che qian | Plantaginaceae | Plantago
Plantago lessingii Fischer & C. A. Meyer; P. minuta subsp. lessingii (Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Tzvelev; P. mongolica Decaisne.
Herbs, annual. Taproot tenuous. Leaves basal; petiole inconspicuous; leaf blade linear, narrowly lanceolate, or spatulate-linear, 3-8 × 0.2-0.8 cm, rigidly papery, veins 3, base attenuate and decurrent onto petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate. Spikes capitate to shortly cylindric, 0.6-2 cm, densely flowered; peduncle (1-)2-12 cm, tenuous, along with rachis densely grayish to yellowish villous-lanate or sometimes glabrate; bracts broadly ovate to broadly triangular, 2.2-2.8 mm, ± villous or glabrous, keel extending to apex, apex obtuse. Sepals 2.7-3 mm, keel extending to apex, margin wide and scarious; lower sepals elliptic to broadly elliptic; upper sepals broadly elliptic. Corolla white, glabrous; lobes elliptic to narrowly ovate, 1.4-2 mm, patent to reflexed, apex acute to erose. Stamens adnate to near apex of corolla tube, exserted to included; anthers yellow when dry, suborbicular, ca. 1 mm. Pyxis ovoid to broadly ovoid, 3.5-4(-5) mm, circumscissile near base, with 2 seeds. Seeds yellowish brown, ellipsoid-ovoid to ellipsoid, (2.5-)3-4 mm, shiny, with a broad groove on ventral face; cotyledons vertical to ventral side. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep.
Saline places, gravel beds, sandy areas, ravines, boggy places; 400-4300 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kazakhstan, Mongolia, S and SW Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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