水烛Typha angustifolia

中文名(Chinese Name):水烛
学名(Scientific Name):Typha angustifolia L.
英文名(English Common Name):narrowleaf cattail
别名(Chinese Common Name):蒲草、狭叶香蒲
异名(Synonym):Massula angustifolia (L.) Dulac  Typha foveolata Pobed.  Typha angustifolia var. calumetensis Peattie  Typha angustifolia var. elongata Wiegand  Typha angustifolia var. longispicata Peck  Typha angustifolia var. spathacea Borbás  Typha angustifolia var. elatior (Boenn.) Nyman  Typha angustifolia f. foveolata (Pobed.) Mavrodiev  Typha angustifolia f. submersa Glück
科属(Family & Genus):香蒲科(Typhaceae)香蒲属
形态特征(Description):多年生,水生或沼生草本。根状茎乳黄色、灰黄色,先端白色。地上茎直立,粗壮,高约1.5-2.5 (-3) 米。叶片长54-120厘米,宽0.4-0.9厘米,上部扁平,中部以下腹面微凹,背面向下逐渐隆起呈凸形,下部横切面呈半圆形,细胞间隙大,呈海绵状;叶鞘抱茎。雌雄花序相距2.5-6.9厘米;雄花序轴具褐色扁柔毛,单出,或分叉;叶状苞片1-3枚,花后脱落;雌花序长15-30厘米,基部具1枚叶状苞片,通常比叶片宽,花后脱落;雄花由3枚雄蕊合生,有时2枚或4枚组成,花药长约2毫米,长距圆形,花粉粉单体,近球形、卵形或三角形,纹饰网状,花丝短,细弱,下部合生成柄,长 (1.5-) 2-3毫米,向下渐宽;雌花具小苞片;孕性雌花柱头窄条形或披针形,长约1.3-1.8毫米,花柱长1-1.5毫米,子房纺锤形,长约1毫米,具褐色斑点,子房柄纤细,长约5毫米;不孕雌花子房倒圆锥形,长1-1.2毫米,具褐色斑点,先端黄褐色,不育柱头短尖;白色丝状毛着生于子房柄基部,并向上延伸,与小苞片近等长,均短于柱头。小坚果长椭圆形,长约1.5毫米,具褐色斑点,纵裂。种子深褐色,长约1-1.2毫米。花果期6-9月。2n=30。
分布(Distribution):产东北、华北、河南、陕西、甘肃、新疆、江苏、湖北、云南、台湾等省区,生于湖泊、河流、池塘浅水处。日本、俄罗斯、欧洲、美洲及大洋洲及东南亚等亦有分布。
用途(Use):本种经济价值较高,花粉即蒲黄入药;叶片用于编织、造纸等;幼叶基部和根状茎先端可作蔬食;雌花序可作枕芯和坐垫的填充物,是重要的水生经济植物之一。另外,本种叶片挺拔,花序粗壮,常用于花卉观赏。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 23 Page 161, 162 
Typha angustifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 971. 1753.
水烛 shui zhu| Typhaceae  | Typha
Stems 1.5-3 m tall, stout. Leaves 52-120 cm × 4-9 mm, abaxially convex, transverse section semicircular. Male part of spikes ca. 8 cm, with 1-3 deciduous bracts; female part of spikes (5-)15-30 cm, separated from male part by an axis 2.5-7 cm. Male flowers: stamens 3, rarely 2 or 4; anthers ca. 2 mm. Female flowers with bracteoles; bracteoles filiform; ovary fusiform; stalk ca. 5 mm, slender; styles 1-1.5 mm; stigmas linear to lanceolate, 1.3-1.8 mm; hairs on stalk shorter than style. Fruit narrowly elliptic. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 30.
Shallow water of lakes, ponds, and rivers. ?Anhui, ?Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, ?Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, ?Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang [?Afghanistan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Australia, Europe, North America].
 水烛Typha angustifolia

水烛Typha angustifolia

水烛Typha angustifolia
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