黑三棱Sparganium stoloniferum

中文名(Chinese Name):黑三棱
学名(Scientific Name):Sparganium stoloniferum (Graebn.) Buch.-Ham. ex Juz.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Sparganium arcuscaulis Dan Yu et G. T. Yang  Sparganium multiporcatum Dan Yu  Sparganium ramosum subsp. stoloniferum Graebn.
科属(Family & Genus):黑三棱科(Sparganiaceae)黑三棱属
形态特征(Description):多年生水生或沼生草本。块茎膨大,比茎粗2-3倍,或更粗;根状茎粗壮。茎直立,粗壮,高0.7-1.2米,或更高,挺水。叶片长 (20-) 40-90厘米,宽0.7-16厘米,具中脉,上部扁平,下部背面呈龙骨状凸起,或呈三棱形,基部鞘状。圆锥花序开展,长20-60厘米,具3-7个侧枝,每个侧枝上着生7-11个雄性头状花序和1-2个雌性头状花序,主轴顶端通常具3-5个雄性头状花序,或更多,无雌性头状花序;花期雄性头状花序呈球形,直径约10毫米;雄花花被片匙形,膜质,先端浅裂,早落,花丝长约3毫米,丝状,弯曲,褐色,花药近倒圆锥形,长约1-1.2毫米,宽约0.5毫米;雌花花被长5-7毫米,宽约1-1.5毫米,着生于子房基部,宿存,柱头分叉或否,长约3-4毫米,向上渐尖,花柱长约1.5毫米,子房无柄。果实长6-9毫米,倒圆锥形,上部通常膨大呈冠状,具棱,褐色。花果期5-10月。
分布(Distribution):产东北、内蒙古、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、新疆、江苏、江西、湖北、云南等省区,通常生于海拔1500米以下的湖泊、河沟、沼泽、水塘边浅水处。朝鲜、日本、中亚地区和俄罗斯也有。
用途(Use):本种块茎是我国常用的中药,即“三棱”,具破瘀、行气、消积、止痛、通经、下乳等功效,是本科中重要经济植物;亦用于花卉观赏。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 23 Page 158   
Sparganium stoloniferum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Graebner) Buchanan-Hamilton ex Juzepczuk in Komarov, Fl. URSS. 1: 219. 1934.
黑三棱 hei san leng| Typhaceae  | Sparganium
Stems emersed, erect, robust, 70-120 cm tall or more. Leaves (20-)40-90 cm × 7-16 mm, upper flattened, lower keeled or trigonous on abaxial side. Panicles (8-)20-60 cm, with 3-7 lateral branches, each with (1 or)7-11 male heads and 1 or 2 female heads; main axis consisting of 3-5 or more male heads. Male flowers: perianth segments spatulate, lobate at apex; filaments ca. 3 mm; anthers obconic, (0.5-)1-1.2 × ca. 0.5 mm. Female flowers: perianth segments 5-7 × 1-1.5 mm; ovary sessile; styles forked or simple, ca. 1.5 mm; stigmas 3-4 mm. Fruit obconic, (3.5-)6-9 mm, ribbed. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.
Lakes, ponds, swamps, streams; below 3600 m. ?Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, ?Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, ?Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, ?Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, North America].
 黑三棱Sparganium stoloniferum

黑三棱Sparganium stoloniferum
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