水龙 Ludwigia adscendens

中文名(Chinese Name):水龙
学名(Scientific Name):Ludwigia adscendens (Linn.) Hara
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):过塘蛇、猪肥草
异名(Synonym):Jussiaea adscendens L.
科属(Family & Genus):柳叶菜科(Onagraceae)丁香蓼属
形态特征(Description):多年生浮水或上升草本,浮水茎节上常簇生圆柱状或纺锤状白色海绵状贮气的根状浮器,具多数须状根;浮水茎长可达3米,直立茎高达60厘米,无毛;生于旱生环境的枝上则常被柔毛但很少开花。叶倒卵形、椭圆形或倒卵状披针形,长3-6.5厘米,宽1.2-2.5厘米,先端常钝圆,有时近锐尖,基部狭楔形,侧脉6-12对;叶柄长3-15毫米;托叶卵形至心形,长1.5-2毫米,宽1.2-1.8毫米。花单生于上部叶腋;小苞片生于花柄上部,鳞片状长2-3毫米,宽1-2毫米;萼片5,三角形至三角状披针形,长6-12毫米,宽1.8-2.5毫米,先端渐狭,被短柔毛;花瓣乳白色,基部淡黄色,倒卵形,长8-14毫米,宽5-9毫米,先端圆形;雄蕊10,花丝白色,对花瓣的较短,长2-4毫米,对萼生的较长;花药卵状长圆形,长1.5-2毫米,花粉粒以单体授粉;花盘隆起,近花瓣处有蜜腺;花柱白色,长4-6毫米,下部被毛;柱头近球状,5裂,淡绿色,径1.5-2毫米,上部接受花粉;子房被毛,花梗长2.5-6.5厘米。蒴果淡褐色,圆柱状,具10条纵棱,长2-3厘米,径3-4毫米,果皮薄,不规则开裂;果梗长2.5-7厘米,被长柔毛或变无毛。种子在每室单列纵向排列,淡褐色,牢固地嵌入木质硬内果皮内,椭圆状,长1-1.3毫米。花期5-8月,果期8-11月。染色体数2n=4x=32。
分布(Distribution):产福建、江西、湖南、广东、香港、海南、广西、云南,生于海拔100-1500米水田、浅水塘。东南亚至澳大利亚北部也有。
用途(Use):全草入药,清热解毒,利尿消肿,也可治蛇咬伤;也可作猪饲料。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 13 Page 401, 403
Ludwigia adscendens (Linnaeus) H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 28: 291. 1953.
水龙 shui long| Onagraceae  | Ludwigia
Jussiaea adscendens Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 297; Mant. Pl. 1: 69. 1767; J. repens Linnaeus.
Herbs perennial, with creeping or floating stems, rooting at nodes, with white, erect, short (1-3 cm), spindle-shaped pneumatophores in clusters at nodes of floating stems. Floating stems to 400 cm, terrestrial stems 20-60 cm, much branched, tips ascending, glabrous or densely villous. Petiole 5-20 mm; leaf blade oblong to spatulate-oblong, 0.4-7 × 0.7-3 cm, glabrous, lateral veins 6-13 per side, submarginal vein not prominent, base narrowly cuneate or attenuate, margin entire, apex obtuse to subacute. Sepals 5, deltoid-acuminate, 5-11 mm, glabrous or villous. Petals creamy-white with yellow base, obovate, 9-18 × 6-10 mm. Stamens 10; filaments white, 2.5-4 mm; anthers 0.7-1.8 mm; pollen in monads. Style white, 4-10 mm, glabrous; stigma discoid. Capsule light brown with dark brown ribs, cylindric, terete, 1.2-2.7 cm, 3-4 mm in diam., glabrous or villous, thickly walled, tardily and irregularly dehiscent; pedicel 1.5-5.5 cm. Seeds in one row per locule, firmly embedded in coherent cubes of woody endocarp fused to capsule wall, pale brown, oblong or elliptic, 1.1-1.3 mm, raphe inconspicuous. Fl. Apr-Nov, fr. May-Nov. 2n = 32*.
Wet swampy places, flooded rice paddies, often floating in water at edges of ponds, tanks, ditches; near sea level to 1600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; widespread in Africa, S and SE Asia, Australia].
The plant is used medicinally for its febrifugal and antiswelling properties.
水龙 Ludwigia adscendens

水龙 Ludwigia adscendens

水龙 Ludwigia adscendens

水龙 Ludwigia adscendens(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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