芡实 Euryale ferox
中文名（Chinese Name）：芡实
学名（Scientific Name）：Euryale ferox Salisb.
英文名（English Common Name）：euryale
别名（Chinese Common Name）：鸡头米、鸡头莲
异名（Synonym）：Anneslea spinosa Andrews Euryale indica Planch.
科属（Family & Genus）：睡莲科（Nymphaeaceae）芡属
形态特征（Description）：一年生大型水生草本。沉水叶箭形或椭圆肾形，长4-10厘米，两面无刺；叶柄无刺；浮水叶革质，椭圆肾形至圆形，直径10-130厘米，盾状，有或无弯缺，全缘，下面带紫色，有短柔毛，两面在叶脉分枝处有锐刺；叶柄及花梗粗壮，长可达25厘米，皆有硬刺。花长约5厘米；萼片披针形，长1-1.5厘米，内面紫色，外面密生稍弯硬刺；花瓣矩圆披针形或披针形，长1.5-2厘米，紫红色，成数轮排列，向内渐变成雄蕊；无花柱，柱头红色，成凹入的柱头盘。浆果球形，直径3-5厘米，污紫红色，外面密生硬刺；种子球形，直径10余毫米，黑色。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国南北各省，从黑龙江至云南、广东，生在池塘、湖沼中。
用途（Use）：种子含淀粉，供食用、酿酒及制副食品用；供药用，功能补脾益肾、涩精。全草为猪饲料，又可作绿肥。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 6 Page 118
Euryale ferox Salisbury in K. D. Konig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2: 74. 1805.
芡实 qian shi | Nymphaeaceae | Euryale
Submerged leaves not prickly; leaf blade sagittate or elliptic, 4--10 cm, base deeply cordate. Floating leaves prickly on petioles and along veins; leaf blade abaxially dark purple and adaxially green, to 1.3(--2.7) m in diam., subleathery, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base emarginate or sinuate; veins abaxially strongly ribbed; primary veins prickly on both surfaces. Flower to 5 cm in diam. Peduncle stout, densely prickly. Sepals triangular-ovate, 1--1.5(--3) cm, abaxially dense-ly prickly; prickles retrorse. Petals outer purple-violet fading to inner white, oblong-lanceolate, 1(--2.5) cm. Ovary 7--16-loculed, each locule with 6--8 or more ovules. Fruit dark purple, globose, 5--10 cm in diam., spongy, densely prickly. Seeds black, 8 to many, globose, 6--10 mm in diam.; testa thick, rigid. Fl. Jun--Aug.
Lakes, ponds. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Russia (Far East)].
This species is cultivated for its starchy seeds.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Euryale ferox Salisb.
英文名（English Common Name）：euryale
别名（Chinese Common Name）：鸡头米、鸡头莲
异名（Synonym）：Anneslea spinosa Andrews Euryale indica Planch.
科属（Family & Genus）：睡莲科（Nymphaeaceae）芡属
形态特征（Description）：一年生大型水生草本。沉水叶箭形或椭圆肾形，长4-10厘米，两面无刺；叶柄无刺；浮水叶革质，椭圆肾形至圆形，直径10-130厘米，盾状，有或无弯缺，全缘，下面带紫色，有短柔毛，两面在叶脉分枝处有锐刺；叶柄及花梗粗壮，长可达25厘米，皆有硬刺。花长约5厘米；萼片披针形，长1-1.5厘米，内面紫色，外面密生稍弯硬刺；花瓣矩圆披针形或披针形，长1.5-2厘米，紫红色，成数轮排列，向内渐变成雄蕊；无花柱，柱头红色，成凹入的柱头盘。浆果球形，直径3-5厘米，污紫红色，外面密生硬刺；种子球形，直径10余毫米，黑色。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国南北各省，从黑龙江至云南、广东，生在池塘、湖沼中。
用途（Use）：种子含淀粉，供食用、酿酒及制副食品用；供药用，功能补脾益肾、涩精。全草为猪饲料，又可作绿肥。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 6 Page 118
Euryale ferox Salisbury in K. D. Konig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2: 74. 1805.
芡实 qian shi | Nymphaeaceae | Euryale
Submerged leaves not prickly; leaf blade sagittate or elliptic, 4--10 cm, base deeply cordate. Floating leaves prickly on petioles and along veins; leaf blade abaxially dark purple and adaxially green, to 1.3(--2.7) m in diam., subleathery, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base emarginate or sinuate; veins abaxially strongly ribbed; primary veins prickly on both surfaces. Flower to 5 cm in diam. Peduncle stout, densely prickly. Sepals triangular-ovate, 1--1.5(--3) cm, abaxially dense-ly prickly; prickles retrorse. Petals outer purple-violet fading to inner white, oblong-lanceolate, 1(--2.5) cm. Ovary 7--16-loculed, each locule with 6--8 or more ovules. Fruit dark purple, globose, 5--10 cm in diam., spongy, densely prickly. Seeds black, 8 to many, globose, 6--10 mm in diam.; testa thick, rigid. Fl. Jun--Aug.
Lakes, ponds. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Russia (Far East)].
This species is cultivated for its starchy seeds.
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