山楝Aphanamixis polystachya
中文名（Chinese Name）：山楝
学名（Scientific Name）：Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R. N. Parker
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大叶山楝
异名（Synonym）：Aphanamixis grandifolia Bl. Aphanamixis sinensis How et T. Chen Aphanamixis tripetala (Blanco) Merr. Aglaia aphanamixis Pellegr. Aglaia polystachya Wall. Andersonia rohituka Roxb. Aphanamixis rohituka Pierre Aphanamixis elmeri Merr. Amoora elmeri Merr. Amoora grandifolia (Blume) Walp. Amoora rohituka (Roxb.) Wight et Arn. Chuniodendron yunnanese Hu Trichilia tripetala Blanco Chuniodendron spicatum Hu Aglaia beddomei (Kosterm.) S.S.Jain & R.C.Gaur Aglaia cochinchinensis (Pierre) Pellegr. Aglaia janowskyi Harms Amoora amboinensis Miq. Amoora beddomei Kosterm. Aphanamixis agusanensis Elmer Aphanamixis amboinensis (Miq.) Harms Aphanamixis apoensis Elmer Aphanamixis blumei Span. Aphanamixis cochinchinensis Pierre Aphanamixis coriacea Merr. Aphanamixis cumingiana (C.DC.) Harms Aphanamixis davaoensis Elmer Aphanamixis grandiflora Blume Aphanamixis lauterbachii Harms Aphanamixis macrocalyx Harms Aphanamixis myrmecophila (Warb.) Harms Aphanamixis obliquifolia Elmer Aphanamixis perrottetiana A.Juss. Aphanamixis pinatubensis Elmer Aphanamixis polillensis (C.B.Rob.) Merr. Aphanamixis schlechteri Harms Aphanamixis timorensis A.Juss. Aphanamixis velutina Elmer Canarium vrieseo-teysmannii H.J.Lam Chuniodendron yunnanense Hu Dysoxylum spiciflorum Zipp. ex Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：楝科（Meliaceae）山楝属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高20-30米。叶为奇数羽状复叶，长30-50厘米，有小叶9-11（-15）片；小叶对生，初时膜质，后变亚革质，在强光下可见很小的透明斑点，长椭圆形，长18-20厘米，宽约5厘米，最下部的一对较小，先端渐尖，基部楔形或宽楔形，有时一侧稍带圆形，偏斜，两面均无毛，侧脉每边11-12条，纤细，边全缘；小叶柄长6-12毫米。花序腋上生，短于叶，长不及30厘米，雄花组成穗状花序复排列成广展的圆锥花序，雌花组成穗状花序；花球形，无花梗，花蕾时直径2-3毫米，下有小包片3；萼4-5，圆形，直径1-1.5毫米，有时有小睫毛；花瓣3，圆形，直径约3毫米，凹陷；雄蕊管球形，无毛，花药5-6，长圆形，子房被粗毛，3室，几无花柱。蒴果近卵形，长2-2.5厘米，直径约3厘米，熟后橙黄色，开裂为3果瓣；种子有假种皮。花期5-9月，果期10月至翌年4月。
分布（Distribution）：产广东、广西、云南等省区，生于低海拔至中海拔山地沟谷密林或疏林中。中南半岛、马来半岛及印度尼西亚等也有。
用途（Use）：种子的含油量约44%-56%，油可供制肥皂及润滑油；木材赤色，坚硬，纹理密致，质均匀，可作建筑、造船等用材。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 125
Aphanamixis polystachya (Wallich) R. Parker, Indian Forester. 57: 486. 1931.
山楝 shan lian | Meliaceae | Aphanamixis
Aglaia polystachya Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 429. 1824; A. aphanamixis Pellegrin; Amoora elmeri Merrill; A. grandifolia (Blume) Walpers; A. rohituka (Roxburgh) Wight & Arnott; Andersonia rohituka Roxburgh; Aphanamixis elmeri (Merrill) Merrill; A. grandifolia Blume; A. rohituka (Roxburgh) Pierre; A. sinensis F. C. How & T. C. Chen; A. tripetala (Blanco) Merrill; Chuniodendron spicatum Hu; C. yunnanense Hu; Trichilia tripetala Blanco.
Trees or shrubs, (2-)20-30 m tall. Leaves odd- or even- pinnate, 30-60(-90) cm; leaflets (5-)9-21, opposite; petiolules (2-)6-12 mm; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate, (7-)17-26 × 4-10 cm with basal pair smallest, membranous when young, subleathery to leathery when mature, with visible transparent tiny spots under sunlight, both surfaces glabrous, secondary veins (8-)11-20 on each side of midvein and slender, base oblique and cuneate to broadly cuneate or sometimes one side rounded, margin entire, apex caudate-acuminate to obtuse. Inflorescences axillary, less than 30 cm. Flowers 6-7 mm in diam., with 3 bracteoles. Sepals 5, suborbicular, 1-1.5 mm in diam., margin sometimes ciliate. Petals 3-7 mm in diam., concave. Staminal tube globose, glabrous; anthers 5 or 6, oblong. Ovary 3-locular, with thick trichomes. Capsule spherical-pyriform to nearly ovoid, 2-2.5 × 2.5-3 cm, orangish when mature. Seeds grayish brown, oblate, 1.3-1.5 × 1-1.2 cm. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Oct-Apr.
Dense or sparse mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forests in mountainous regions; low to middle elevations. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan (Lan Yu), Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands (Solomon Islands)].
The seed oil is used for making soap and lubricating oil. The very fine wood is used for construction and ship-making.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R. N. Parker
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大叶山楝
异名（Synonym）：Aphanamixis grandifolia Bl. Aphanamixis sinensis How et T. Chen Aphanamixis tripetala (Blanco) Merr. Aglaia aphanamixis Pellegr. Aglaia polystachya Wall. Andersonia rohituka Roxb. Aphanamixis rohituka Pierre Aphanamixis elmeri Merr. Amoora elmeri Merr. Amoora grandifolia (Blume) Walp. Amoora rohituka (Roxb.) Wight et Arn. Chuniodendron yunnanese Hu Trichilia tripetala Blanco Chuniodendron spicatum Hu Aglaia beddomei (Kosterm.) S.S.Jain & R.C.Gaur Aglaia cochinchinensis (Pierre) Pellegr. Aglaia janowskyi Harms Amoora amboinensis Miq. Amoora beddomei Kosterm. Aphanamixis agusanensis Elmer Aphanamixis amboinensis (Miq.) Harms Aphanamixis apoensis Elmer Aphanamixis blumei Span. Aphanamixis cochinchinensis Pierre Aphanamixis coriacea Merr. Aphanamixis cumingiana (C.DC.) Harms Aphanamixis davaoensis Elmer Aphanamixis grandiflora Blume Aphanamixis lauterbachii Harms Aphanamixis macrocalyx Harms Aphanamixis myrmecophila (Warb.) Harms Aphanamixis obliquifolia Elmer Aphanamixis perrottetiana A.Juss. Aphanamixis pinatubensis Elmer Aphanamixis polillensis (C.B.Rob.) Merr. Aphanamixis schlechteri Harms Aphanamixis timorensis A.Juss. Aphanamixis velutina Elmer Canarium vrieseo-teysmannii H.J.Lam Chuniodendron yunnanense Hu Dysoxylum spiciflorum Zipp. ex Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：楝科（Meliaceae）山楝属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高20-30米。叶为奇数羽状复叶，长30-50厘米，有小叶9-11（-15）片；小叶对生，初时膜质，后变亚革质，在强光下可见很小的透明斑点，长椭圆形，长18-20厘米，宽约5厘米，最下部的一对较小，先端渐尖，基部楔形或宽楔形，有时一侧稍带圆形，偏斜，两面均无毛，侧脉每边11-12条，纤细，边全缘；小叶柄长6-12毫米。花序腋上生，短于叶，长不及30厘米，雄花组成穗状花序复排列成广展的圆锥花序，雌花组成穗状花序；花球形，无花梗，花蕾时直径2-3毫米，下有小包片3；萼4-5，圆形，直径1-1.5毫米，有时有小睫毛；花瓣3，圆形，直径约3毫米，凹陷；雄蕊管球形，无毛，花药5-6，长圆形，子房被粗毛，3室，几无花柱。蒴果近卵形，长2-2.5厘米，直径约3厘米，熟后橙黄色，开裂为3果瓣；种子有假种皮。花期5-9月，果期10月至翌年4月。
分布（Distribution）：产广东、广西、云南等省区，生于低海拔至中海拔山地沟谷密林或疏林中。中南半岛、马来半岛及印度尼西亚等也有。
用途（Use）：种子的含油量约44%-56%，油可供制肥皂及润滑油；木材赤色，坚硬，纹理密致，质均匀，可作建筑、造船等用材。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 125
Aphanamixis polystachya (Wallich) R. Parker, Indian Forester. 57: 486. 1931.
山楝 shan lian | Meliaceae | Aphanamixis
Aglaia polystachya Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 429. 1824; A. aphanamixis Pellegrin; Amoora elmeri Merrill; A. grandifolia (Blume) Walpers; A. rohituka (Roxburgh) Wight & Arnott; Andersonia rohituka Roxburgh; Aphanamixis elmeri (Merrill) Merrill; A. grandifolia Blume; A. rohituka (Roxburgh) Pierre; A. sinensis F. C. How & T. C. Chen; A. tripetala (Blanco) Merrill; Chuniodendron spicatum Hu; C. yunnanense Hu; Trichilia tripetala Blanco.
Trees or shrubs, (2-)20-30 m tall. Leaves odd- or even- pinnate, 30-60(-90) cm; leaflets (5-)9-21, opposite; petiolules (2-)6-12 mm; leaflet blades oblong-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate, (7-)17-26 × 4-10 cm with basal pair smallest, membranous when young, subleathery to leathery when mature, with visible transparent tiny spots under sunlight, both surfaces glabrous, secondary veins (8-)11-20 on each side of midvein and slender, base oblique and cuneate to broadly cuneate or sometimes one side rounded, margin entire, apex caudate-acuminate to obtuse. Inflorescences axillary, less than 30 cm. Flowers 6-7 mm in diam., with 3 bracteoles. Sepals 5, suborbicular, 1-1.5 mm in diam., margin sometimes ciliate. Petals 3-7 mm in diam., concave. Staminal tube globose, glabrous; anthers 5 or 6, oblong. Ovary 3-locular, with thick trichomes. Capsule spherical-pyriform to nearly ovoid, 2-2.5 × 2.5-3 cm, orangish when mature. Seeds grayish brown, oblate, 1.3-1.5 × 1-1.2 cm. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Oct-Apr.
Dense or sparse mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forests in mountainous regions; low to middle elevations. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan (Lan Yu), Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands (Solomon Islands)].
The seed oil is used for making soap and lubricating oil. The very fine wood is used for construction and ship-making.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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