黄槿Hibiscus tiliaceus
中文名（Chinese Name）：黄槿
学名（Scientific Name）：Hibiscus tiliaceus L.
英文名（English Common Name）：sea hibiscus
别名（Chinese Common Name）：盐水面头果、海麻
异名（Synonym）：Hibiscus tiliaceus var. genuinus Hochr. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. tortuosus (Roxb.) Mast. Paritium tiliifolium (Salisb.) Nakai Talipariti tiliaceum (Linn.) Fryxell. Hibiscus boninensis Nakai Hibiscus tiliaceus var. hirsutus Hochr. Hibiscus tiliaefolius Salisb. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. heterophyllus Nakai Pariti boninense (Nakai) Nakai Pariti tiliaceum (Linnaeus) A. Jussieu Pariti tiliaceum var. heterophyllum (Nakai) Nakai Pariti grande Britt. ex Small Hibiscus tiliaceus var. abutiloides (Willd.) Hochr. Hibiscus tiliifolius Salisb. Paritium abutiloides (Willd.) G. Don Paritium elatum var. abutiloides (Willd.) Griseb.
科属（Family & Genus）：锦葵科（Malvaceae）木槿属
形态特征（Description）：常绿灌木或乔木，高4-10米，胸径粗达60厘米；树皮灰白色；小枝无毛或近于无毛，很少被星状绒毛或星状柔毛。叶革质，近圆形或广卵形，直径8-15厘米，先端突尖，有时短渐尖，基部心形，全缘或具不明显细圆齿，上面绿色，嫩时被极细星状毛，逐渐变平滑无毛，下面密被灰白色星状柔毛，叶脉7或9条；叶柄长3-8厘米；托叶叶状，长圆形，长约2厘米，宽约12毫米，先端圆，早落，被星状疏柔毛。花序顶生或腋生，常数花排列成聚散花序，总花梗长4-5厘米，花梗长1-3厘米，基部有一对托叶状苞片；小苞片7-10，线状披针形，被绒毛，中部以下连合成杯状；萼长1.5-2.5厘米，基部1/3-1/4处合生，萼裂5，披针形，被绒毛；花冠钟形，直径6-7厘米，花瓣黄色，内面基部暗紫色，倒卵形，长约4.5厘米，外面密被黄色星状柔毛；雄蕊柱长约3厘米，平滑无毛；花柱枝5，被细腺毛。蒴果卵圆形，长约2厘米，被绒毛，果爿5，木质；种子光滑，肾形。花期6-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产台湾、广东、福建等省，分布于越南、柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、印度、印度尼西亚、马来西亚及菲律宾等热带国家。
用途（Use）：树皮纤维供制绳索，嫩枝叶供蔬食；木材坚硬致密，耐朽力强，适于建筑、造船及家具等用。在广州及广东沿海地区小城镇也有栽培，多作行道树。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 287, 288
Hibiscus tiliaceus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 694. 1753.
黄槿 huang jin| Malvaceae | Hibiscus
Hibiscus boninensis Nakai; H. tiliaceus var. heterophyllus Nakai; H. tiliaceus var. tortuosus (Roxburgh) Masters; H. tortuosus Roxburgh; Pariti boninense (Nakai) Nakai; P. tiliaceum (Linnaeus) A. Jussieu; P. tiliaceum var. heterophyllum (Nakai) Nakai; Talipariti tiliaceum (Linnaeus) Fryxell.
Shrubs evergreen or trees, 4-10 m tall, to 60 cm d.b.h.; bark gray-white. Branchlets glabrous or nearly so, rarely stellate puberulent or stellate. Stipules foliaceous, oblong, ca. 2 × 1.2 cm, stellate pilose, apex rounded, caducous; petiole 3-8 cm; leaf blade nearly orbicular to broadly ovate, 8-15 × 8-15 cm, leathery, green, abaxially densely gray-white stellate puberulent, adaxially very sparsely stellate scaly, glabrescent, basal veins 7 or 9, base cordate, margin entire or obscurely crenate, apex abruptly acuminate. Inflorescence a 1- to few-flowered racemelike cyme, terminal or axillary; peduncle 4-5 cm. Pedicel 1-3 cm, with 1 pair of stipulelike bracteoles at base. Epicalyx lobes 7-10, joined for 1/3-1/2 of length, free lobes 2-2.5 mm, triangular-acuminate with slightly rounded sinuses, densely gray-white stellate puberulent. Calyx 1.5-2.5 cm, connate proximally for 1/4-1/3 of length, lobes 5, lanceolate, stellate puberulent, persistent. Corolla yellow with dark purple center, campanulate, 6-7.5 cm in diam.; petals obovate, 4-4.5 cm, yellow stellate puberulent abaxially. Filament tube ca. 3 cm, glabrous. Style branches 5, slender, with glandular hairs. Capsule subglobose to ovoid, ca. 2 cm, obscurely beaked, densely fascicled-hirsute, valves 5, woody. Seeds reniform, smooth, glabrous. Fl. Jun-Aug.
Sea shores, along streams, sandy soil; near sea level to 300 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; pantropical].
Borssum Waalkes (Blumea 14: 30-38. 1966) recognized a series of six SubSpe. Chinese material belongs to the nominate SubSpe, Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp. tiliaceus.
Fiber from the bast of Hibiscus tiliaceus is used on Hainan to make fishing nets.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Hibiscus tiliaceus L.
英文名（English Common Name）：sea hibiscus
别名（Chinese Common Name）：盐水面头果、海麻
异名（Synonym）：Hibiscus tiliaceus var. genuinus Hochr. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. tortuosus (Roxb.) Mast. Paritium tiliifolium (Salisb.) Nakai Talipariti tiliaceum (Linn.) Fryxell. Hibiscus boninensis Nakai Hibiscus tiliaceus var. hirsutus Hochr. Hibiscus tiliaefolius Salisb. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. heterophyllus Nakai Pariti boninense (Nakai) Nakai Pariti tiliaceum (Linnaeus) A. Jussieu Pariti tiliaceum var. heterophyllum (Nakai) Nakai Pariti grande Britt. ex Small Hibiscus tiliaceus var. abutiloides (Willd.) Hochr. Hibiscus tiliifolius Salisb. Paritium abutiloides (Willd.) G. Don Paritium elatum var. abutiloides (Willd.) Griseb.
科属（Family & Genus）：锦葵科（Malvaceae）木槿属
形态特征（Description）：常绿灌木或乔木，高4-10米，胸径粗达60厘米；树皮灰白色；小枝无毛或近于无毛，很少被星状绒毛或星状柔毛。叶革质，近圆形或广卵形，直径8-15厘米，先端突尖，有时短渐尖，基部心形，全缘或具不明显细圆齿，上面绿色，嫩时被极细星状毛，逐渐变平滑无毛，下面密被灰白色星状柔毛，叶脉7或9条；叶柄长3-8厘米；托叶叶状，长圆形，长约2厘米，宽约12毫米，先端圆，早落，被星状疏柔毛。花序顶生或腋生，常数花排列成聚散花序，总花梗长4-5厘米，花梗长1-3厘米，基部有一对托叶状苞片；小苞片7-10，线状披针形，被绒毛，中部以下连合成杯状；萼长1.5-2.5厘米，基部1/3-1/4处合生，萼裂5，披针形，被绒毛；花冠钟形，直径6-7厘米，花瓣黄色，内面基部暗紫色，倒卵形，长约4.5厘米，外面密被黄色星状柔毛；雄蕊柱长约3厘米，平滑无毛；花柱枝5，被细腺毛。蒴果卵圆形，长约2厘米，被绒毛，果爿5，木质；种子光滑，肾形。花期6-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产台湾、广东、福建等省，分布于越南、柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、印度、印度尼西亚、马来西亚及菲律宾等热带国家。
用途（Use）：树皮纤维供制绳索，嫩枝叶供蔬食；木材坚硬致密，耐朽力强，适于建筑、造船及家具等用。在广州及广东沿海地区小城镇也有栽培，多作行道树。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 287, 288
Hibiscus tiliaceus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 694. 1753.
黄槿 huang jin| Malvaceae | Hibiscus
Hibiscus boninensis Nakai; H. tiliaceus var. heterophyllus Nakai; H. tiliaceus var. tortuosus (Roxburgh) Masters; H. tortuosus Roxburgh; Pariti boninense (Nakai) Nakai; P. tiliaceum (Linnaeus) A. Jussieu; P. tiliaceum var. heterophyllum (Nakai) Nakai; Talipariti tiliaceum (Linnaeus) Fryxell.
Shrubs evergreen or trees, 4-10 m tall, to 60 cm d.b.h.; bark gray-white. Branchlets glabrous or nearly so, rarely stellate puberulent or stellate. Stipules foliaceous, oblong, ca. 2 × 1.2 cm, stellate pilose, apex rounded, caducous; petiole 3-8 cm; leaf blade nearly orbicular to broadly ovate, 8-15 × 8-15 cm, leathery, green, abaxially densely gray-white stellate puberulent, adaxially very sparsely stellate scaly, glabrescent, basal veins 7 or 9, base cordate, margin entire or obscurely crenate, apex abruptly acuminate. Inflorescence a 1- to few-flowered racemelike cyme, terminal or axillary; peduncle 4-5 cm. Pedicel 1-3 cm, with 1 pair of stipulelike bracteoles at base. Epicalyx lobes 7-10, joined for 1/3-1/2 of length, free lobes 2-2.5 mm, triangular-acuminate with slightly rounded sinuses, densely gray-white stellate puberulent. Calyx 1.5-2.5 cm, connate proximally for 1/4-1/3 of length, lobes 5, lanceolate, stellate puberulent, persistent. Corolla yellow with dark purple center, campanulate, 6-7.5 cm in diam.; petals obovate, 4-4.5 cm, yellow stellate puberulent abaxially. Filament tube ca. 3 cm, glabrous. Style branches 5, slender, with glandular hairs. Capsule subglobose to ovoid, ca. 2 cm, obscurely beaked, densely fascicled-hirsute, valves 5, woody. Seeds reniform, smooth, glabrous. Fl. Jun-Aug.
Sea shores, along streams, sandy soil; near sea level to 300 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; pantropical].
Borssum Waalkes (Blumea 14: 30-38. 1966) recognized a series of six SubSpe. Chinese material belongs to the nominate SubSpe, Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp. tiliaceus.
Fiber from the bast of Hibiscus tiliaceus is used on Hainan to make fishing nets.
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