油桐Vernicia fordii
中文名（Chinese Name）：油桐
学名（Scientific Name）：Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：桐油树、荏桐
异名（Synonym）：Aleurites fordii Hemsl.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）油桐属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达10米；树皮灰色，近光滑；枝条粗壮，无毛，具明显皮孔。叶卵圆、形，长8-18厘米，宽6-15厘米，顶端短尖，基部截平至浅心形，全缘，稀1-3浅裂，嫩叶上面被很快脱落微柔毛，下面被渐脱落棕褐色微柔毛，成长叶上面深绿色，无毛，下面灰绿色，被贴伏微柔毛；掌状脉5 (-7)条；叶柄与叶片近等长，几无毛，顶端有2枚扁平、无柄腺体。花雌雄同株，先叶或与叶同时开放；花萼长约1厘米，2(-3)裂，外面密被棕褐色微柔毛；花瓣白色，有淡红色脉纹，倒卵形，长2-3厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，顶端圆形，基部爪状；雄花：雄蕊8-12枚，2轮；外轮离生，内轮花丝中部以下合生；雌花：子房密被柔毛，3-5 (-8)室，每室有1颗胚珠，花柱与子房室同数，2裂。核果近球状，直径4-6 (-8)厘米，果皮光滑；种子3-4(-8) 颗，种皮木质。花期3-4月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、河南、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖南、湖北、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州、云南等省区。越南也有。
用途（Use）：本种是我国重要的工业油料植物；桐油是我国的外贸商品；此外，其果皮可制活性炭或提取碳酸钾。
引自中国植物志英文版 FOC Vol. 11 Page 266
Vernicia fordii (Hemsley) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 20: 394. 1966.
油桐 you tong | Euphorbiaceae | Vernicia
Aleurites fordii Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2801, 2802. 1906.
Trees deciduous, up to 10 m tall, monoecious; bark gray, nearly smooth; branches verticillate, stout, glabrous, prominently lenticellate. Petiole as long as leaf blade, glabrescent, with 2 compressed and sessile glands; leaf blade ovate, 5-18 × 3-15 cm, puberulent when young, dark green and glabrous adaxially, gray-green and pubescent abaxially at maturity, base truncate to shallowly cordate, margin entire, rarely shallowly 1-3-fid, apex acute; palmate veins 5(-7). Inflorescences flat-topped panicles of cymes, appearing generally before new leaves, usually bisexual; calyx ca. 10 mm, 2(or 3)-fid, densely brown puberulent outside; petals obovate, 2-3 × 1-1.5 cm, yellow at base, pink to purplish, pink-veined, base clawed, apex rounded; stamens 8-12; outer filaments free, inner filaments connate to below middle; ovary 3-5(-8)-locular, pubescent; styles 3-5(-8), bifid. Drupe subglobose, 4-6(-8) cm in diam.; exocarp smooth, not grooved, 3- or 4(-8)-seeded. Seed coat woody. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Nov.
Open forests; 200-1500(-2000) m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Vietnam; cultivated in the Old and New Worlds].
This species is usually cultivated on slopes below 800 m.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：桐油树、荏桐
异名（Synonym）：Aleurites fordii Hemsl.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）油桐属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达10米；树皮灰色，近光滑；枝条粗壮，无毛，具明显皮孔。叶卵圆、形，长8-18厘米，宽6-15厘米，顶端短尖，基部截平至浅心形，全缘，稀1-3浅裂，嫩叶上面被很快脱落微柔毛，下面被渐脱落棕褐色微柔毛，成长叶上面深绿色，无毛，下面灰绿色，被贴伏微柔毛；掌状脉5 (-7)条；叶柄与叶片近等长，几无毛，顶端有2枚扁平、无柄腺体。花雌雄同株，先叶或与叶同时开放；花萼长约1厘米，2(-3)裂，外面密被棕褐色微柔毛；花瓣白色，有淡红色脉纹，倒卵形，长2-3厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，顶端圆形，基部爪状；雄花：雄蕊8-12枚，2轮；外轮离生，内轮花丝中部以下合生；雌花：子房密被柔毛，3-5 (-8)室，每室有1颗胚珠，花柱与子房室同数，2裂。核果近球状，直径4-6 (-8)厘米，果皮光滑；种子3-4(-8) 颗，种皮木质。花期3-4月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、河南、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖南、湖北、广东、海南、广西、四川、贵州、云南等省区。越南也有。
用途（Use）：本种是我国重要的工业油料植物；桐油是我国的外贸商品；此外，其果皮可制活性炭或提取碳酸钾。
引自中国植物志英文版 FOC Vol. 11 Page 266
Vernicia fordii (Hemsley) Airy Shaw, Kew Bull. 20: 394. 1966.
油桐 you tong | Euphorbiaceae | Vernicia
Aleurites fordii Hemsley, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2801, 2802. 1906.
Trees deciduous, up to 10 m tall, monoecious; bark gray, nearly smooth; branches verticillate, stout, glabrous, prominently lenticellate. Petiole as long as leaf blade, glabrescent, with 2 compressed and sessile glands; leaf blade ovate, 5-18 × 3-15 cm, puberulent when young, dark green and glabrous adaxially, gray-green and pubescent abaxially at maturity, base truncate to shallowly cordate, margin entire, rarely shallowly 1-3-fid, apex acute; palmate veins 5(-7). Inflorescences flat-topped panicles of cymes, appearing generally before new leaves, usually bisexual; calyx ca. 10 mm, 2(or 3)-fid, densely brown puberulent outside; petals obovate, 2-3 × 1-1.5 cm, yellow at base, pink to purplish, pink-veined, base clawed, apex rounded; stamens 8-12; outer filaments free, inner filaments connate to below middle; ovary 3-5(-8)-locular, pubescent; styles 3-5(-8), bifid. Drupe subglobose, 4-6(-8) cm in diam.; exocarp smooth, not grooved, 3- or 4(-8)-seeded. Seed coat woody. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Nov.
Open forests; 200-1500(-2000) m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Vietnam; cultivated in the Old and New Worlds].
This species is usually cultivated on slopes below 800 m.
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