山乌桕Triadica cochinchinensis
中文名（Chinese Name）：山乌桕
学名（Scientific Name）：Triadica cochinchinensis Lour
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：红心乌桕
异名（Synonym）：Sapium pleiocarpum Y. C. Tseng Sapium chihsinianum S. K. Lee Sapium discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Muell. Arg. Sapium discolor var. wenhsienensis S. B. Ho Sapium eugeniaefolium Ham. Sapium laui Croizat Shirakia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Hurus. Stillingia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Baill. Stillingia lanceolaria Miq. Sapium hookeri Hook.f. Sapium eugeniifolium Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f. Excoecaria lanceolaria (Miq.) Müll.Arg. Excoecaria loureiroana Müll.Arg., nom. illeg.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）乌桕属
形态特征（Description）：乔大或灌木，高3-12米，罕有达20米者，各部均无毛；小枝灰褐色，有皮孔。叶 互生，纸质，嫩时呈淡红色，叶片椭圆形或长卵形，长4-10厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，顶端钝或短渐尖，基部短狭或楔形，背面近缘常有数个圆形的腺体；中脉在两面均凸起，于背面尤著，侧脉纤细，8-12对，互生或有时近对生，略呈弧状上升，离缘1-2毫米弯拱网结，网脉很柔弱，通常明显；叶柄纤细，长2-7.5厘米，顶端具2毗连的腺体；托叶小，近卵形，长约1毫米，易脱落。花单性，雌雄同株，密集成长4-9厘米的顶生总状花序，雌花生于花序轴下部，雄花生于花序轴上部或有时整个花序全为雄花。雄花：花梗丝状，长1-3毫米；苞片卵形，长约1.5毫米，宽近1毫米，顶端锐尖，基部两侧各具一长圆形或肾形，长约2毫米宽近1毫米的腺体，每一苞片内有5-7朵花；小苞片小，狭，长1-1.2毫米；花萼杯状，具不整齐的裂齿；雄蕊2枚，少有3枚，花丝短，花药球形。雌花：花梗粗壮，圆柱形，长约5毫米；苞片几与雄花的相似，每一苞片内仅有1朵花；花萼3深裂几达基部，裂片三角形，长1.8-2毫米，宽约1.2毫米，顶端短尖，边缘有疏细齿；子房卵形，3室，花柱粗壮，柱头3，外反。蒴果黑色，球形，直径1-1. 5厘米，分果爿脱落后而中轴宿存，种子近球形，长4-5毫米，直径3-4毫米，外薄被蜡质的假种皮。花期4-6月。
分布（Distribution）：广布于云南、四川、贵州、湖南、广西、广东、江西、安徽、福建、浙江、台湾等省区。生于山谷或山坡棍交林中。印度、缅甸、老挝、越南、马来西亚及印度尼西亚也有。
用途（Use）：木材可制火柴枝和茶箱。根皮及叶药用，治跌打扭伤、痈疮、毒蛇咬伤及便秘等。种子油可制肥皂。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 284, 285
Triadica cochinchinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 610. 1790.
山乌桕 shan wu jiu | Euphorbiaceae | Triadica
Excoecaria discolor (Champion ex Bentham) Müller Argoviensis; E. loureiroana Müller Argoviensis; Sapium cochinchinense (Loureiro) Pax & K. Hoffmann (1912), not (Loureiro) Kuntze (1898); S. discolor (Champion ex Bentham) Müller Argoviensis; S. laui Croizat; Shirakia cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Hurusawa; Stillingia discolor Champion ex Bentham.
Trees to 12(-20) m tall, glabrous; branchlets gray-brown, lenticellate. Leaves alternate; stipules small, subovate, ca. 1 mm; petioles 2-7.5 cm, 2-glandular at apex; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-ovate, 4-10 × 2.5-5 cm, papery, reddish when young, base cuneate, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate, with several rounded glands on or near margin abaxially; midvein elevated on both surfaces, lateral veins 8-12 pairs, alternate or nearly opposite. Flowers monoecious in terminal racemes; inflorescences 4-9 cm, female in lower part, male in upper part or throughout. Male flowers: pedicels 1-3 mm; bracts ovate, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, glands oblong or reniform, ca. 2 × 1 mm at bilateral base, each bract 5-7-flowered; bractlets 1-1.2 mm; calyx cup-shaped, irregularly serrulate; stamens 2 or 3; filaments short; anthers globose. Female flowers: pedicels stout, terete, ca. 5 mm; bracts almost as in male, each bract only 1-flowered; calyx 3-partite to base, lobes triangular, 1.8-2 × ca. 1.2 mm, margins sparsely serrulate; ovary ovoid, 3-celled; styles 3, revolute. Capsules black, globose, 7-9 mm in diam.; columella persistent. Seeds subglobose, 4-5 × 3-4 mm in diam., with thinly waxy aril. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
Moist broad-leaved evergreen forests, subtropical forests, montane forests or brushwood; 100-1100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
Sapium cochinchinense (Loureiro) Kuntze is based on Excoecaria cochinchinensis Loureiro, whereas S. cochinchinense (Loureiro) Pax & K. Hoffmann is an illegitimate later homonym based on Triadica cochinchinensis.
The timber of Triadica cochinchinensis is used for matchsticks and tea boxes. The roots and leaves are used as medicine for traumatic injury and to detoxify snakebites. The seed oil is used to make soap.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Triadica cochinchinensis Lour
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：红心乌桕
异名（Synonym）：Sapium pleiocarpum Y. C. Tseng Sapium chihsinianum S. K. Lee Sapium discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Muell. Arg. Sapium discolor var. wenhsienensis S. B. Ho Sapium eugeniaefolium Ham. Sapium laui Croizat Shirakia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Hurus. Stillingia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Baill. Stillingia lanceolaria Miq. Sapium hookeri Hook.f. Sapium eugeniifolium Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f. Excoecaria lanceolaria (Miq.) Müll.Arg. Excoecaria loureiroana Müll.Arg., nom. illeg.
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）乌桕属
形态特征（Description）：乔大或灌木，高3-12米，罕有达20米者，各部均无毛；小枝灰褐色，有皮孔。叶 互生，纸质，嫩时呈淡红色，叶片椭圆形或长卵形，长4-10厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，顶端钝或短渐尖，基部短狭或楔形，背面近缘常有数个圆形的腺体；中脉在两面均凸起，于背面尤著，侧脉纤细，8-12对，互生或有时近对生，略呈弧状上升，离缘1-2毫米弯拱网结，网脉很柔弱，通常明显；叶柄纤细，长2-7.5厘米，顶端具2毗连的腺体；托叶小，近卵形，长约1毫米，易脱落。花单性，雌雄同株，密集成长4-9厘米的顶生总状花序，雌花生于花序轴下部，雄花生于花序轴上部或有时整个花序全为雄花。雄花：花梗丝状，长1-3毫米；苞片卵形，长约1.5毫米，宽近1毫米，顶端锐尖，基部两侧各具一长圆形或肾形，长约2毫米宽近1毫米的腺体，每一苞片内有5-7朵花；小苞片小，狭，长1-1.2毫米；花萼杯状，具不整齐的裂齿；雄蕊2枚，少有3枚，花丝短，花药球形。雌花：花梗粗壮，圆柱形，长约5毫米；苞片几与雄花的相似，每一苞片内仅有1朵花；花萼3深裂几达基部，裂片三角形，长1.8-2毫米，宽约1.2毫米，顶端短尖，边缘有疏细齿；子房卵形，3室，花柱粗壮，柱头3，外反。蒴果黑色，球形，直径1-1. 5厘米，分果爿脱落后而中轴宿存，种子近球形，长4-5毫米，直径3-4毫米，外薄被蜡质的假种皮。花期4-6月。
分布（Distribution）：广布于云南、四川、贵州、湖南、广西、广东、江西、安徽、福建、浙江、台湾等省区。生于山谷或山坡棍交林中。印度、缅甸、老挝、越南、马来西亚及印度尼西亚也有。
用途（Use）：木材可制火柴枝和茶箱。根皮及叶药用，治跌打扭伤、痈疮、毒蛇咬伤及便秘等。种子油可制肥皂。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 284, 285
Triadica cochinchinensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 610. 1790.
山乌桕 shan wu jiu | Euphorbiaceae | Triadica
Excoecaria discolor (Champion ex Bentham) Müller Argoviensis; E. loureiroana Müller Argoviensis; Sapium cochinchinense (Loureiro) Pax & K. Hoffmann (1912), not (Loureiro) Kuntze (1898); S. discolor (Champion ex Bentham) Müller Argoviensis; S. laui Croizat; Shirakia cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Hurusawa; Stillingia discolor Champion ex Bentham.
Trees to 12(-20) m tall, glabrous; branchlets gray-brown, lenticellate. Leaves alternate; stipules small, subovate, ca. 1 mm; petioles 2-7.5 cm, 2-glandular at apex; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-ovate, 4-10 × 2.5-5 cm, papery, reddish when young, base cuneate, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate, with several rounded glands on or near margin abaxially; midvein elevated on both surfaces, lateral veins 8-12 pairs, alternate or nearly opposite. Flowers monoecious in terminal racemes; inflorescences 4-9 cm, female in lower part, male in upper part or throughout. Male flowers: pedicels 1-3 mm; bracts ovate, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, glands oblong or reniform, ca. 2 × 1 mm at bilateral base, each bract 5-7-flowered; bractlets 1-1.2 mm; calyx cup-shaped, irregularly serrulate; stamens 2 or 3; filaments short; anthers globose. Female flowers: pedicels stout, terete, ca. 5 mm; bracts almost as in male, each bract only 1-flowered; calyx 3-partite to base, lobes triangular, 1.8-2 × ca. 1.2 mm, margins sparsely serrulate; ovary ovoid, 3-celled; styles 3, revolute. Capsules black, globose, 7-9 mm in diam.; columella persistent. Seeds subglobose, 4-5 × 3-4 mm in diam., with thinly waxy aril. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
Moist broad-leaved evergreen forests, subtropical forests, montane forests or brushwood; 100-1100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
Sapium cochinchinense (Loureiro) Kuntze is based on Excoecaria cochinchinensis Loureiro, whereas S. cochinchinense (Loureiro) Pax & K. Hoffmann is an illegitimate later homonym based on Triadica cochinchinensis.
The timber of Triadica cochinchinensis is used for matchsticks and tea boxes. The roots and leaves are used as medicine for traumatic injury and to detoxify snakebites. The seed oil is used to make soap.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
踩一下[2]
顶一下[1]