木油桐Vernicia montana
中文名（Chinese Name）：木油桐
学名（Scientific Name）：Vernicia montana Lour.
英文名（English Common Name）：mu oil tree
别名（Chinese Common Name）：千年桐、皱果桐
异名（Synonym）：Aleurites montana (Lour.) E. H. Wilson Aleurites vernicia (Corrêa) Hassk. Dryandra vernicia Corrêa Elaeococca montana (Lour.) Oken Aleurites montanus (Lour.) Wilson
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）油桐属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达20米。枝条无毛，散生突起皮孔。叶阔卵形，长8-20厘米，宽6-18厘米，顶端短尖至渐尖，基部心形至截平，全缘或2-5裂。裂缺常有杯状腺体，两面初被短柔毛，成长叶仅下面基部沿脉被短柔毛，掌状脉5条；叶柄长7-17厘米，无毛，顶端有2枚具柄的杯状腺体。花序生于当年生已发叶的枝条上，雌雄异株或有时同株异序；花萼无毛，长约1厘米，2-3裂；花瓣白色或基部紫红色且有紫红色脉纹，倒卵形，长2-3厘米，基部爪状，雄花：雄蕊8-10枚，外轮离生，内轮花丝下半部合生，花丝被毛；雌花；子房密被棕褐色柔毛，3室，花柱3枚，2深裂。核果卵球状，直径3-5厘米，具3条纵棱，棱间有粗疏网状皱纹，有种子3颗，种子扁球状，种皮厚，有疣突。花期4-5月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南等省区。生于海拔1300米以下的疏林中。越南、泰国、缅甸也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 266, 267
Vernicia montana Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 586. 1790.
木油桐 mu you tong | Euphorbiaceae | Vernicia
Aleurites cordata Gagnepain; A. montana (Loureiro) Wilson; A. vernicia (Corrêa) Hasskarl; Dryandra vernicia Corrêa; Elaeococca vernicia (Corrêa) A. Jussieu.
Trees evergreen, up to 20 m tall, usually dioecious; bark brown; branches glabrous, with sparsely elevated lenticels. Petiole 7-17 cm, glabrous, apex with 2 stalked and cupular glands; leaf blade broadly ovate, 8-20 × 6-18 cm, pubescent on both surfaces when young, only abaxially pubescent along base of nerves at maturity, base cordate to truncate, margin entire or 2-5-fid, apex acute to acuminate, sinus usually with cupular glands. Inflorescences produced with new leaves, usually unisexual. Male flowers: calyx ca. 10 mm, 2- or 3-fid, glabrous; petals obovate, 2-3 cm, base clawed, white or purple-red at base and with purple-red nerve-stripes; stamens 8-10; filaments hairy, outer filaments free, inner filaments connate at and below middle. Female flowers: calyx and petals as in male; ovary densely brown pubescent, 3-locular; styles 3, bipartite. Drupes ovoid, 3-5 cm in diam., longitudinally 3-angular, between angles with sparsely reticulate wrinkles, 3-seeded. Seeds compressed globose; seed coat thicker, verrucose. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
Open forests; below 1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; cultivated in Japan].
The seeds are a source of drying oils, used in paints and varnishes.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Vernicia montana Lour.
英文名（English Common Name）：mu oil tree
别名（Chinese Common Name）：千年桐、皱果桐
异名（Synonym）：Aleurites montana (Lour.) E. H. Wilson Aleurites vernicia (Corrêa) Hassk. Dryandra vernicia Corrêa Elaeococca montana (Lour.) Oken Aleurites montanus (Lour.) Wilson
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）油桐属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达20米。枝条无毛，散生突起皮孔。叶阔卵形，长8-20厘米，宽6-18厘米，顶端短尖至渐尖，基部心形至截平，全缘或2-5裂。裂缺常有杯状腺体，两面初被短柔毛，成长叶仅下面基部沿脉被短柔毛，掌状脉5条；叶柄长7-17厘米，无毛，顶端有2枚具柄的杯状腺体。花序生于当年生已发叶的枝条上，雌雄异株或有时同株异序；花萼无毛，长约1厘米，2-3裂；花瓣白色或基部紫红色且有紫红色脉纹，倒卵形，长2-3厘米，基部爪状，雄花：雄蕊8-10枚，外轮离生，内轮花丝下半部合生，花丝被毛；雌花；子房密被棕褐色柔毛，3室，花柱3枚，2深裂。核果卵球状，直径3-5厘米，具3条纵棱，棱间有粗疏网状皱纹，有种子3颗，种子扁球状，种皮厚，有疣突。花期4-5月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南等省区。生于海拔1300米以下的疏林中。越南、泰国、缅甸也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 266, 267
Vernicia montana Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 586. 1790.
木油桐 mu you tong | Euphorbiaceae | Vernicia
Aleurites cordata Gagnepain; A. montana (Loureiro) Wilson; A. vernicia (Corrêa) Hasskarl; Dryandra vernicia Corrêa; Elaeococca vernicia (Corrêa) A. Jussieu.
Trees evergreen, up to 20 m tall, usually dioecious; bark brown; branches glabrous, with sparsely elevated lenticels. Petiole 7-17 cm, glabrous, apex with 2 stalked and cupular glands; leaf blade broadly ovate, 8-20 × 6-18 cm, pubescent on both surfaces when young, only abaxially pubescent along base of nerves at maturity, base cordate to truncate, margin entire or 2-5-fid, apex acute to acuminate, sinus usually with cupular glands. Inflorescences produced with new leaves, usually unisexual. Male flowers: calyx ca. 10 mm, 2- or 3-fid, glabrous; petals obovate, 2-3 cm, base clawed, white or purple-red at base and with purple-red nerve-stripes; stamens 8-10; filaments hairy, outer filaments free, inner filaments connate at and below middle. Female flowers: calyx and petals as in male; ovary densely brown pubescent, 3-locular; styles 3, bipartite. Drupes ovoid, 3-5 cm in diam., longitudinally 3-angular, between angles with sparsely reticulate wrinkles, 3-seeded. Seeds compressed globose; seed coat thicker, verrucose. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
Open forests; below 1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; cultivated in Japan].
The seeds are a source of drying oils, used in paints and varnishes.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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