柱冠南洋杉Araucaria columnaris

中文名（Chinese Name）：异叶南洋杉
学名（Scientific Name）：Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：钻叶杉
异名（Synonym）：Eutassa heterophylla Salisb.；Abies columbaria Desf.；Pinus columbaria Dum. Cours.；Araucaria excelsa var. glauca Carrière；Eutacta excelsa var. aurea-variegata Carrière；Eutacta excelsa var. glauca (Carrière) Carrière；Eutacta excelsa var. monstrosa Carrière；Eutacta excelsa var. variegata-alba Carrière  
科属（Family & Genus）：南洋杉科（Araucariaceae）南洋杉属（Araucaria）
形态特征（Description）：乔木，在原产地高达50米以上，胸径达1.5米；树干通直，树皮暗灰色，裂成薄片状脱落；树冠塔形，大枝平伸，长达15米以上；小枝平展或下垂，侧枝常成羽状排列，下垂。叶二型：幼树及侧生小枝的叶排列疏松，开展，钻形，光绿色，向上弯曲，通常两侧扁，具3-4棱，长6-12毫米，上面具多数气孔线，有白粉，下面气孔线较少或几无气孔线；大树及花果枝上的叶排列较密，微开展，宽卵形或三角状卵形，多少弯曲，长5-9毫米，基部宽，先端钝圆，中脉隆起或不明显，上面有多条气孔线，有白粉，下面有疏生的气孔线。雄球花单生枝顶，圆柱形。球果近圆球形或椭圆状球形，通常长8-12厘米，径7-11厘米，有时径大于长；苞鳞厚，上部肥厚，边缘具锐脊，先端具扁平的三角状尖头，尖头向上弯曲；种子椭圆形，稍扁，两侧具结合生长的宽翅。
分布（Distribution）：原产大洋洲诺和克岛。
用途（Use）：我国福州、广州等地引种栽培，作庭园树用。上海、南京、西安、北京等地为盆栽，冬季须置于温室越冬。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 4
 Araucaria heterophylla (Salisbury) Franco, Anais Inst. Super. Agron. 19: 11. 1952.
异叶南洋杉 yi ye nan yang shan | Araucariaceae  | Araucaria
Eutassa heterophylla Salisbury, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 316. 1807.
Trees to 50 m tall; trunk to 1.5 m d.b.h.; trunk straight; bark dark gray, flaking; crown tower-shaped; branchlets spreading horizontally or drooping; lateral branchlets usually pinnately arranged, drooping. Leaves dimorphic: those of young trees and lateral branchlets loosely arranged, spreading openly, bright green, glaucous abaxially, subulate, usually laterally depressed, upcurved, 6-12 mm, 3- or 4-ridged; those of mature trees and cone-bearing branchlets densely arranged, slightly openly spreading, broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, ± curved, 5-9 mm, widest at base, midvein obviously raised or not, apex obtuse. Pollen cones terminal, solitary. Seed cones subglobose, 8-12 × 7-11 cm, sometimes wider than long; apex of bracts triangular, flattened, acute, upcurved. Seeds ellipsoid, slightly flattened, with a lateral wing.
Cultivated. Fujian (Fuzhou Shi), Guangdong (Guangzhou Shi), S Yunnan (Jinghong Xian, Mengla Xian) [native to Australia (Norfolk Island)].