大叶千斤拔Flemingia macrophylla
中文名（Chinese Name）：大叶千斤拔
学名（Scientific Name）：Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Flemingia congesta Roxb. ex W. T. Aiton Flemingia bhottea Buch.-Ham. Flemingia angustifolia Roxb. Moghania cumingiana (Benth.)Kuntze Flemingia lamontii Hance Flemingia trinerva Desf. Flemingia teysmanniana Miq. Flemingia cumingiana Benth. Rhynchosia crotalarioides DC. Moghania sericans (Kurz)Mukerjee Moghania semialata (W.T.Aiton)Mukerjee Moghania teysmanniana (Miq.)H.L.Li Flemingia congesta var. nana (Roxb.)Baker Flemingia macrophylla var. viridis (Prain)H.B.Naithani Flemingia semialata var. viridis Kurz Moghania semialata var. viridis (Kurz)Mukerjee Flemingia congesta var. semialata Baker Flemingia congesta var. viridis (Kurz)Prain Maughania ferruginea (Wall. ex Benth.) H.L. Li Maughania wallichii (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze Maughania yunnanensis (Franch.) H.L. Li
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae千斤拔属
形态特征（Description）：直立灌木，高0.8-2.5米。幼枝有明显纵棱，密被紧贴丝质柔毛。叶具指状3小叶：托叶大，披针形，长可达2厘米，先端长尖，被短柔毛，具腺纹，常早落；叶柄长3-6厘米，具狭翅，被毛与幼枝同；小叶纸质或薄革质，顶生小叶宽披针形至椭圆形，长8-15厘米，宽4-7厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形；基出脉3，两面除沿脉上被紧贴的柔毛外，通常无毛，下面被黑褐色小腺点，侧生小叶稍小，偏斜，基部一侧圆形，另一侧楔形；基出脉2-3；小叶柄长2-5毫米，密被毛。总状花序常数个聚生于叶腋，长3-8厘米，常无总梗；花多而密集；花梗极短；花萼钟状，长6-8毫米，被丝质短柔毛，裂齿线状披针形，较萼管长1倍，下部一枚最长，花序轴、苞片、花梗均密被灰色至灰褐色柔毛；花冠紫红色，稍长于萼，旗瓣长椭圆形，具短瓣柄及2耳，翼瓣狭椭圆形，一侧略具耳，瓣柄纤细，龙骨瓣长椭圆形，先端微弯，基部具长瓣柄和一侧具耳；雄蕊二体；子房椭圆形，被丝质毛，花柱纤细。荚果椭圆形，长1-1.6厘米，宽7-9毫米，褐色，略被短柔毛，先端具小尖喙；种子1-2颗，球形光亮黑色。花期6-9月，果期10-12。
分布（Distribution）：产云南、贵州、四川、江西、福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西。常生长于海拔200-1 500米旷野草地上或灌丛中。东南亚等地也有。
用途（Use）：根供药用，能祛风活血，强腰壮骨，治风湿骨痛。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 233, 235
Flemingia macrophylla (Willdenow) Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 440. 1897.
大叶千斤拔 da ye qian jin ba | Fabaceae | Flemingia
Crotalaria macrophylla Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 982. 1802; Flemingia congesta Roxburgh ex W. T. Aiton; F. ferruginea Wallich ex Bentham; Maughania ferruginea (Wallich ex Bentham) H. L. Li; M. macrophylla (Willdenow) Kuntze.
Shrubs, erect, 0.8-2.5 m tall. Young branches densely adpressed silky villous. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate; stipules lanceolate, up to 2 cm, villous, with glandular striations, apex long acuminate, usually deciduous; petiole 3-6 cm, narrowly winged; petiolules 2-5 mm, densely hairy; leaflets papery to thinly papery; terminal leaflet broadly lanceolate to elliptic, 8-15 × 4-7 cm, glabrous except for veins, abaxial surface with small dark brown sessile glands, basal veins 3, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate; lateral leaflets smaller, oblique, base rounded at one side, cuneate on other. Racemes usually clustered at axil, 3-8 cm, with many clustered flowers; peduncle usually extremely short. Calyx campanulate, 6-8 mm, shortly very pale brown villous; lobes linear-lanceolate, ca. 2 × as long as tube, lower one longest. Corolla purple, slightly longer than calyx; standard oblong, shortly clawed, auriculate; wings narrowly elliptic, slenderly clawed, one with auricle; keel oblong, long clawed, apex slightly curved. Ovary elliptic, with very pale brown hairs. Legume elliptic, 10-16 × 7-9 mm, sparsely pubescent, apex with small acute beak. Seeds 1 or 2, glossy black, orbicular. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Oct-Dec. 2n = 22.
Disturbed meadows, roadsides, forest margins; 200-1800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
The glands on the fruit are separated after drying and are used as a purple or orange dye.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Flemingia congesta Roxb. ex W. T. Aiton Flemingia bhottea Buch.-Ham. Flemingia angustifolia Roxb. Moghania cumingiana (Benth.)Kuntze Flemingia lamontii Hance Flemingia trinerva Desf. Flemingia teysmanniana Miq. Flemingia cumingiana Benth. Rhynchosia crotalarioides DC. Moghania sericans (Kurz)Mukerjee Moghania semialata (W.T.Aiton)Mukerjee Moghania teysmanniana (Miq.)H.L.Li Flemingia congesta var. nana (Roxb.)Baker Flemingia macrophylla var. viridis (Prain)H.B.Naithani Flemingia semialata var. viridis Kurz Moghania semialata var. viridis (Kurz)Mukerjee Flemingia congesta var. semialata Baker Flemingia congesta var. viridis (Kurz)Prain Maughania ferruginea (Wall. ex Benth.) H.L. Li Maughania wallichii (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze Maughania yunnanensis (Franch.) H.L. Li
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae千斤拔属
形态特征（Description）：直立灌木，高0.8-2.5米。幼枝有明显纵棱，密被紧贴丝质柔毛。叶具指状3小叶：托叶大，披针形，长可达2厘米，先端长尖，被短柔毛，具腺纹，常早落；叶柄长3-6厘米，具狭翅，被毛与幼枝同；小叶纸质或薄革质，顶生小叶宽披针形至椭圆形，长8-15厘米，宽4-7厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形；基出脉3，两面除沿脉上被紧贴的柔毛外，通常无毛，下面被黑褐色小腺点，侧生小叶稍小，偏斜，基部一侧圆形，另一侧楔形；基出脉2-3；小叶柄长2-5毫米，密被毛。总状花序常数个聚生于叶腋，长3-8厘米，常无总梗；花多而密集；花梗极短；花萼钟状，长6-8毫米，被丝质短柔毛，裂齿线状披针形，较萼管长1倍，下部一枚最长，花序轴、苞片、花梗均密被灰色至灰褐色柔毛；花冠紫红色，稍长于萼，旗瓣长椭圆形，具短瓣柄及2耳，翼瓣狭椭圆形，一侧略具耳，瓣柄纤细，龙骨瓣长椭圆形，先端微弯，基部具长瓣柄和一侧具耳；雄蕊二体；子房椭圆形，被丝质毛，花柱纤细。荚果椭圆形，长1-1.6厘米，宽7-9毫米，褐色，略被短柔毛，先端具小尖喙；种子1-2颗，球形光亮黑色。花期6-9月，果期10-12。
分布（Distribution）：产云南、贵州、四川、江西、福建、台湾、广东、海南、广西。常生长于海拔200-1 500米旷野草地上或灌丛中。东南亚等地也有。
用途（Use）：根供药用，能祛风活血，强腰壮骨，治风湿骨痛。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 233, 235
Flemingia macrophylla (Willdenow) Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 440. 1897.
大叶千斤拔 da ye qian jin ba | Fabaceae | Flemingia
Crotalaria macrophylla Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 982. 1802; Flemingia congesta Roxburgh ex W. T. Aiton; F. ferruginea Wallich ex Bentham; Maughania ferruginea (Wallich ex Bentham) H. L. Li; M. macrophylla (Willdenow) Kuntze.
Shrubs, erect, 0.8-2.5 m tall. Young branches densely adpressed silky villous. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate; stipules lanceolate, up to 2 cm, villous, with glandular striations, apex long acuminate, usually deciduous; petiole 3-6 cm, narrowly winged; petiolules 2-5 mm, densely hairy; leaflets papery to thinly papery; terminal leaflet broadly lanceolate to elliptic, 8-15 × 4-7 cm, glabrous except for veins, abaxial surface with small dark brown sessile glands, basal veins 3, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate; lateral leaflets smaller, oblique, base rounded at one side, cuneate on other. Racemes usually clustered at axil, 3-8 cm, with many clustered flowers; peduncle usually extremely short. Calyx campanulate, 6-8 mm, shortly very pale brown villous; lobes linear-lanceolate, ca. 2 × as long as tube, lower one longest. Corolla purple, slightly longer than calyx; standard oblong, shortly clawed, auriculate; wings narrowly elliptic, slenderly clawed, one with auricle; keel oblong, long clawed, apex slightly curved. Ovary elliptic, with very pale brown hairs. Legume elliptic, 10-16 × 7-9 mm, sparsely pubescent, apex with small acute beak. Seeds 1 or 2, glossy black, orbicular. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Oct-Dec. 2n = 22.
Disturbed meadows, roadsides, forest margins; 200-1800 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
The glands on the fruit are separated after drying and are used as a purple or orange dye.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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