降龙草Hemiboea subcapitata

中文名(Chinese Name):降龙草
学名(Scientific Name):Hemiboea subcapitata Clarke
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):降蛇草
异名(Synonym):Hemiboea subcapitata var. denticulata W. T. Wang ex Z. Y. Li  Hemiboea subcapitata var. sordidopuberula Z. Y. Li  Hemiboea henryi Clarke  Didymocarpus hwaianus S. Y. Hu  Hemiboea marmorata H. Lév.  Hemiboea subcapitata var. intermedia R. Pamp.  Hemiboea henryi var. major Diels
科属(Family & Genus):苦苣苔科Gesneriaceae半蒴苣苔属Hemiboea
形态特征(Description):多年生草本。茎高10-40厘米,肉质,无毛或疏生白色短柔毛,散生紫褐色斑点,不分枝,具4-7节。叶对生;叶片稍肉质,干时草质,椭圆形、卵状披针形或倒卵状披针形,长3-22厘米,宽1.4-8厘米,全缘或中部以上具浅钝齿,顶端急尖或渐尖,基部楔形或下延,常不相等,上面散生短柔毛或近无毛,深绿色,背面无毛或沿脉疏生短柔毛,淡绿色或紫红色;皮下散生蠕虫状石细胞;侧脉每侧5-6条;叶柄长0.5-5.5厘米。聚伞花序腋生或假顶生,具(1-)3-10余花;花序梗长2-4(-13)厘米,无毛;总苞球形,直径1.5-2.2厘米,顶端具突尖,无毛,开裂后呈船形;花梗粗壮,长2-5毫米,无毛。萼片5,长椭圆形,长6-9毫米,宽3-4毫米,无毛,干时膜质。花冠白色,具紫斑,长3.5-4.2厘米;花冠筒长2.8-3.5厘米,外面疏生腺状短柔毛,内面基部上方5-6毫米处有一毛环。口部直径13-15毫米,基部上方直径5-6毫米;上唇长5-6毫米,2浅裂,裂片半圆形,下唇长6-8毫米,3浅裂,裂片半圆形。雄蕊:花丝着生于距花冠基部14-15毫米处,长8-13毫米,狭线形,无毛,花药椭圆形,长3-4毫米,顶端连着;退化雄蕊3,中央1个小,长2毫米;侧面2个长5-8毫米,顶端小头状,分离。花盘环状,高1-1.2毫米。雌蕊长3.2-3.5厘米,子房线形,无毛,柱头钝,略宽于花柱。蒴果线状披针形,多少弯曲,长1.5-2.2厘米,基部宽3-4毫米,无毛。花期9-10月,果期10-12月。
分布(Distribution):产陕西南部、甘肃南部、浙江南部、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州及云南东南部。生于海拔100-2100米的山谷林下石上或沟边阴湿处。
用途(Use):全草药用,治疗疮肿毒、蛇咬伤和烧烫伤。可作猪饲料。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 18 Page 298
Hemiboea subcapitata C. B. Clarke, Hooker's Icon. Pl. 18: sub pl. 1798.
降龙草 ban shuo ju tai | Gesneriaceae  | Hemiboea
Stems 10-40 cm, sparsely purple-brown or purple spotted, glabrous to pubescent, simple, with 4-8 nodes. Petiole 0.5-7 (-9) cm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate or obovate, 3-22 X 1.4-11.5 cm, adaxially nearly glabrous to pubescent, abaxially glabrous to pubescent, base usually slightly unequal, cuneate to attenuate and decurrent, sometimes touching at node, margin entire to weakly serrate, shallowly crenate toward apex, or densely denticulate, apex acute to acuminate, vermiform sclereids dispersed in leaf mesophyll; lateral veins 5-7 on each side of midrib. Cymes (1-)3-10- or more flowered; peduncle 2-7(-13) cm, glabrous; involucre 1-2.5 cm in diam., outside glabrous, seldom pilose. Calyx 5-sect from base; segments equal, lanceolate to narrowly ovate or elliptic to oblong, 6-12 X 3-4.5 mm, outside and margin glabrous. Corolla outside white, inside purple spotted, 3.5-4.2 cm, outside sparsely glandular puberulent, inside with a ring of hairs; tube 2.8-3.5 cm; adaxial lip 5-7 mm; abaxial lip 6-9 mm. Anthers 3-4.5 mm; staminodes 3, 2-8 mm. Pistil 3-4 cm, glabrous. Capsule 1.5-2.5 cm. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec.
* Rocks in montane valley forests and shaded wet forests; 100-2100 m. S Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, SE Yunnan, Zhejiang.
 降龙草Hemiboea subcapitata

降龙草Hemiboea subcapitata
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