荜茇Piper longum
中文名（Chinese Name）：荜茇
学名（Scientific Name）：Piper longum L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Indian long pepper
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Chavica roxburghii Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：胡椒科（Piperaceae）胡椒属
形态特征（Description）：攀援藤本，长达数米；枝有粗纵棱和沟槽，幼时被极细的粉状短柔毛，毛很快脱落。叶纸质，有密细腺点，下部的卵圆形或几为肾形，向上渐次为卵形至卵状长圆形，长6-12厘米，宽3-12厘米，顶端骤然紧缩具短尖头或上部的短渐尖至渐尖，基部阔心形，有钝圆、相等的两耳，或上部的为浅心形而两耳重叠，且稍不等，两面沿脉上被极细的粉状短柔毛，背面密而显著; 叶脉7条，均自基出，最内1对粗壮，向上几达叶片之顶，向下常沿叶柄平行下延；叶柄长短不一，下部的长达9厘米，中部的长1-2厘米，顶端的有时近无柄而抱茎，均被极细的粉状短柔毛；叶鞘长为叶柄的1/3。花单性，雌雄异株，聚集成与叶对生的穗状花序。雄花序长4-5厘米，直径约3毫米；总花梗长2-3厘米，被极细的粉状短柔毛；花序轴无毛；苞片近圆形，有时基部略狭，直径约1.5毫米，无毛，具短柄，盾状；雄蕊2枚，花药椭圆形，花丝极短。雌花序长1.5-2.5厘米，直径约4毫米，于果期延长；总花梗和花序轴与雄花序的无异，惟苞片略小，直径0.9-1毫米；子房卵形，下部与花序轴合生，柱头3,卵形，顶端尖。浆果下部嵌生于花序轴中并与其合生，上部圆，顶端有脐状凸起，无毛，直径约2毫米。花期7-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南，生子海拔约580米疏荫杂木林中。尼泊尔、印度、斯里兰卡、越南及马来西亚也有分布。
用途（Use）：果穗为镇痛健胃要药，味辛性热，用于胃寒引起的腹痛、呕吐、腹泻、冠心病心绞痛、神经性头痛及牙痛等。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 4 Page 119
Piper longum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 29. 1753.
荜拔 bi ba| Piperaceae | Piper
Chavica roxburghii Miquel.
Climbers to several m long, dioecious; many parts very finely powdery pubescent when young. Stems often flexuous. Petiole 0-9 cm, leaves toward base of stem long petiolate, those at apex of stem sometimes nearly sessile and clasping, very finely powdery pubescent; prophyll ca. 1/3 as long as petiole; leaf blades toward base of stem ovate to ± reniform, those at apex of stem ovate to ovate-oblong, 6-12 × 3-12 cm, papery, densely glandular, base cordate, basal lobes rounded and equal, slightly incurved, leaf blades toward apex of stem sometimes with basal lobes overlapping, slightly unequal, apex acute to acuminate; veins 7, apical pair partly closely parallel to midvein, reaching leaf apex, others basal; reticulate veins lax. Spikes leaf-opposed, recurved. Male spikes 4-5 cm × ca. 3 mm; peduncle 2-3 cm; bracts suborbicular, sometimes slightly cuneate, ca. 1.5 mm wide, peltate, glabrous, stalk short. Stamens 2; filaments very short; anthers ellipsoid. Female spikes (1-) 1.5-2.5 cm × 2.5-4 mm, 2-3 cm in fruit; peduncle and rachis as in male spikes; bracts 0.9-1 mm in diam. Ovary ovoid, partly connate to rachis; stigmas 3, ovoid, apex acute. Drupe globose, ca. 2 mm in diam., apex umbonate, partly connate to rachis. Fl. Jul-Oct.
Forests; circa 600 m. SE to SW Yunnan; cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam]
Used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Piper longum L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Indian long pepper
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Chavica roxburghii Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：胡椒科（Piperaceae）胡椒属
形态特征（Description）：攀援藤本，长达数米；枝有粗纵棱和沟槽，幼时被极细的粉状短柔毛，毛很快脱落。叶纸质，有密细腺点，下部的卵圆形或几为肾形，向上渐次为卵形至卵状长圆形，长6-12厘米，宽3-12厘米，顶端骤然紧缩具短尖头或上部的短渐尖至渐尖，基部阔心形，有钝圆、相等的两耳，或上部的为浅心形而两耳重叠，且稍不等，两面沿脉上被极细的粉状短柔毛，背面密而显著; 叶脉7条，均自基出，最内1对粗壮，向上几达叶片之顶，向下常沿叶柄平行下延；叶柄长短不一，下部的长达9厘米，中部的长1-2厘米，顶端的有时近无柄而抱茎，均被极细的粉状短柔毛；叶鞘长为叶柄的1/3。花单性，雌雄异株，聚集成与叶对生的穗状花序。雄花序长4-5厘米，直径约3毫米；总花梗长2-3厘米，被极细的粉状短柔毛；花序轴无毛；苞片近圆形，有时基部略狭，直径约1.5毫米，无毛，具短柄，盾状；雄蕊2枚，花药椭圆形，花丝极短。雌花序长1.5-2.5厘米，直径约4毫米，于果期延长；总花梗和花序轴与雄花序的无异，惟苞片略小，直径0.9-1毫米；子房卵形，下部与花序轴合生，柱头3,卵形，顶端尖。浆果下部嵌生于花序轴中并与其合生，上部圆，顶端有脐状凸起，无毛，直径约2毫米。花期7-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南，生子海拔约580米疏荫杂木林中。尼泊尔、印度、斯里兰卡、越南及马来西亚也有分布。
用途（Use）：果穗为镇痛健胃要药，味辛性热，用于胃寒引起的腹痛、呕吐、腹泻、冠心病心绞痛、神经性头痛及牙痛等。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 4 Page 119
Piper longum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 29. 1753.
荜拔 bi ba| Piperaceae | Piper
Chavica roxburghii Miquel.
Climbers to several m long, dioecious; many parts very finely powdery pubescent when young. Stems often flexuous. Petiole 0-9 cm, leaves toward base of stem long petiolate, those at apex of stem sometimes nearly sessile and clasping, very finely powdery pubescent; prophyll ca. 1/3 as long as petiole; leaf blades toward base of stem ovate to ± reniform, those at apex of stem ovate to ovate-oblong, 6-12 × 3-12 cm, papery, densely glandular, base cordate, basal lobes rounded and equal, slightly incurved, leaf blades toward apex of stem sometimes with basal lobes overlapping, slightly unequal, apex acute to acuminate; veins 7, apical pair partly closely parallel to midvein, reaching leaf apex, others basal; reticulate veins lax. Spikes leaf-opposed, recurved. Male spikes 4-5 cm × ca. 3 mm; peduncle 2-3 cm; bracts suborbicular, sometimes slightly cuneate, ca. 1.5 mm wide, peltate, glabrous, stalk short. Stamens 2; filaments very short; anthers ellipsoid. Female spikes (1-) 1.5-2.5 cm × 2.5-4 mm, 2-3 cm in fruit; peduncle and rachis as in male spikes; bracts 0.9-1 mm in diam. Ovary ovoid, partly connate to rachis; stigmas 3, ovoid, apex acute. Drupe globose, ca. 2 mm in diam., apex umbonate, partly connate to rachis. Fl. Jul-Oct.
Forests; circa 600 m. SE to SW Yunnan; cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [India, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Vietnam]
Used medicinally.
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