蓟罂粟Argemone mexicana
中文名（Chinese Name）：蓟罂粟
学名（Scientific Name）：Argemone mexicana L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Mexican pricklypoppy
别名（Chinese Common Name）：刺罂粟
异名（Synonym）：Argemone leiocarpa Greene Argemone mexicana subsp. lutea Kuntze Argemone mexicana var. lutea Kuntze Argemone mexicana var. parviflora Kuntze Argemone mucronata Dum.Cours. ex Steud. Argemone sexvalvis Stokes Argemone versicolor Salisb. Argemone vulgaris Spach Echtrus mexicanus (L.) Nieuwl. Echtrus trivialis Lour. Papaver mexicanum (L.) E.H.L.Krause
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）蓟罂粟属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本（栽培者常为多年生、灌木状），通常粗壮，高30-100厘米。茎具分枝和多短枝，疏被黄揭色平展的刺。基生叶密聚，叶片宽倒披针形、倒卵形或椭圆形，长5-20厘米，宽2.5-7.5厘米，先端急尖，基部楔形，边缘羽状深裂，裂片具波状齿，齿端具尖刺，两面无毛，沿脉散生尖刺，表面绿色，沿脉两侧灰白色，背面灰绿色；叶柄长0.5-1厘米；茎生叶互生，与基生叶同形，但上部叶较小，无柄，常半抱茎。花单生于短枝顶，有时似少花的聚伞花序；花梗极短。花芽卵形，长约1.5厘米；萼片2，舟状，长约1厘米，先端具距，距尖成刺，外面无毛或散生刺，花开时即脱落；花瓣6，宽倒卵形，长1.7-3厘米，先端圆，基部宽楔形，黄色或橙黄色；花丝长约7毫米，花药狭长圆形，长1.5-2毫米，开裂后弯成半圆形至圆形；子房椭圆形或长圆形，长0.7-1厘米，被黄褐色伸展的刺，花柱极短，柱头4-6裂，深红色。蒴果长圆形或宽椭圆形，长2.5-5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，疏被黄褐色的刺，4-6瓣自顶端开裂至全长的1/4-1/3。种子球形，直径1.5-2毫米，具明显的网纹。花果期3-10月。
分布（Distribution）：原产中美洲和热带美洲，我国引种栽培。
用途（Use）：种子含油30%左右。黄色液汁含生物碱。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 262
Argemone mexicana Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 508. 1753.
蓟罂粟 ji ying su| Papaveraceae | Argemone
Herbs, annual or occasionally short-lived perennial, 30-100 cm tall, usually stout. Stems mostly short, branched, with sparse explanate fulvous spines. Basal leaves dense; petiole 5-10 mm; blade glaucous with blue-green markings on veins, paler abaxially, broadly oblanceolate or obovate to elliptic, 5-20(-25) × 2.5-7.5(-8) cm, glabrous, sparsely sharply spiny on veins, base cuneate, margin pinnatipartite, apex acute; lobes undulate teeth, teeth apically spiny. Cauline leaves alternate, similar to basal leaves, but upper leaves smaller and sessile, often subamplexicaul. Flowers solitary, sometimes in few-flowered cymes. Pedicel very short. Flower buds ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm. Sepals 2(or 3), cymbiform, ca. 1 cm, apex spurred, glabrous or sparsely spiny. Petals 6, yellow or orange, broadly obovate, 1.7-3 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex rounded. Filaments ca. 7 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, 1.5-2 mm, coiling after dehiscence. Ovary elliptic or oblong, 7-10 mm, with explanate fulvous spines; styles very short; stigmas dark red, 4-6-lobed. Capsule oblong to broadly elliptic, 2.5-5 × 1.5-3 cm, sparsely fulvous spiny, 4-6-valved dehiscing from apex to 1/4-1/3 of length. Seeds spherical, 1.5-2 mm in diam., obviously tessellate. Fl. and fr. Mar-Oct. 2n = 28.
Naturalized along coasts, introduced in courtyards. Naturalized in Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan, ?Yunnan; introduced in many provinces in China [native to Central and tropical America].
This is a widely cultivated plant which has become a naturalized weed in many parts of the world, particularly in subtropical regions. The seeds are poisonous.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Argemone mexicana L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Mexican pricklypoppy
别名（Chinese Common Name）：刺罂粟
异名（Synonym）：Argemone leiocarpa Greene Argemone mexicana subsp. lutea Kuntze Argemone mexicana var. lutea Kuntze Argemone mexicana var. parviflora Kuntze Argemone mucronata Dum.Cours. ex Steud. Argemone sexvalvis Stokes Argemone versicolor Salisb. Argemone vulgaris Spach Echtrus mexicanus (L.) Nieuwl. Echtrus trivialis Lour. Papaver mexicanum (L.) E.H.L.Krause
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）蓟罂粟属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本（栽培者常为多年生、灌木状），通常粗壮，高30-100厘米。茎具分枝和多短枝，疏被黄揭色平展的刺。基生叶密聚，叶片宽倒披针形、倒卵形或椭圆形，长5-20厘米，宽2.5-7.5厘米，先端急尖，基部楔形，边缘羽状深裂，裂片具波状齿，齿端具尖刺，两面无毛，沿脉散生尖刺，表面绿色，沿脉两侧灰白色，背面灰绿色；叶柄长0.5-1厘米；茎生叶互生，与基生叶同形，但上部叶较小，无柄，常半抱茎。花单生于短枝顶，有时似少花的聚伞花序；花梗极短。花芽卵形，长约1.5厘米；萼片2，舟状，长约1厘米，先端具距，距尖成刺，外面无毛或散生刺，花开时即脱落；花瓣6，宽倒卵形，长1.7-3厘米，先端圆，基部宽楔形，黄色或橙黄色；花丝长约7毫米，花药狭长圆形，长1.5-2毫米，开裂后弯成半圆形至圆形；子房椭圆形或长圆形，长0.7-1厘米，被黄褐色伸展的刺，花柱极短，柱头4-6裂，深红色。蒴果长圆形或宽椭圆形，长2.5-5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，疏被黄褐色的刺，4-6瓣自顶端开裂至全长的1/4-1/3。种子球形，直径1.5-2毫米，具明显的网纹。花果期3-10月。
分布（Distribution）：原产中美洲和热带美洲，我国引种栽培。
用途（Use）：种子含油30%左右。黄色液汁含生物碱。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 262
Argemone mexicana Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 508. 1753.
蓟罂粟 ji ying su| Papaveraceae | Argemone
Herbs, annual or occasionally short-lived perennial, 30-100 cm tall, usually stout. Stems mostly short, branched, with sparse explanate fulvous spines. Basal leaves dense; petiole 5-10 mm; blade glaucous with blue-green markings on veins, paler abaxially, broadly oblanceolate or obovate to elliptic, 5-20(-25) × 2.5-7.5(-8) cm, glabrous, sparsely sharply spiny on veins, base cuneate, margin pinnatipartite, apex acute; lobes undulate teeth, teeth apically spiny. Cauline leaves alternate, similar to basal leaves, but upper leaves smaller and sessile, often subamplexicaul. Flowers solitary, sometimes in few-flowered cymes. Pedicel very short. Flower buds ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm. Sepals 2(or 3), cymbiform, ca. 1 cm, apex spurred, glabrous or sparsely spiny. Petals 6, yellow or orange, broadly obovate, 1.7-3 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex rounded. Filaments ca. 7 mm; anthers narrowly oblong, 1.5-2 mm, coiling after dehiscence. Ovary elliptic or oblong, 7-10 mm, with explanate fulvous spines; styles very short; stigmas dark red, 4-6-lobed. Capsule oblong to broadly elliptic, 2.5-5 × 1.5-3 cm, sparsely fulvous spiny, 4-6-valved dehiscing from apex to 1/4-1/3 of length. Seeds spherical, 1.5-2 mm in diam., obviously tessellate. Fl. and fr. Mar-Oct. 2n = 28.
Naturalized along coasts, introduced in courtyards. Naturalized in Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan, ?Yunnan; introduced in many provinces in China [native to Central and tropical America].
This is a widely cultivated plant which has become a naturalized weed in many parts of the world, particularly in subtropical regions. The seeds are poisonous.
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