云南鼠尾草Salvia yunnanensis

中文名(Chinese Name):云南鼠尾草
学名(Scientific Name):Salvia yunnanensis C. H. Wright
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):小丹参、小红参
异名(Synonym): Salvia esquirolii H. Lév.  Salvia bodinieri Vaniot
科属(Family & Genus):唇形科(Labiatae)鼠尾草属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本;根茎短缩而匍匐,向下生出块根及纤维状须根,块根通常2-3,朱红色,纺锤形,长3-5厘米,径3-6毫米。茎直立,高约30厘米,钝四稜形,具槽,密被平展白色长柔毛。叶通常基出,稀有1-2对茎生叶;基出叶为单叶或三裂或为羽状复叶,具柄,柄长2.5-10厘米,被长柔毛,单叶时叶片为长圆状椭圆形,长2-8厘米,宽1.5-3.5厘米,先端钝或圆形,基部心形至圆形,边缘具圆齿,坚纸质,上面绿色,下面带紫色,两面密被或疏被长柔毛,稀有变无毛,通常具细皱,三裂叶或羽状复裂叶的顶裂片最大,卵圆形或椭圆形,与单叶等大或较小,侧裂片或侧小叶卵圆形,其余与单叶相同;茎生叶具短柄,叶片披针形或狭卵圆形或狭椭圆形,通常比基出叶小,其余与基出叶相同。轮伞花序4-6花,疏离,组成长7-13厘米顶生总状花序或总状圆锥花序;苞片椭圆状披针形,小,一般比花梗短,全缘,被短柔毛;花梗长约3毫米,与花序轴被长柔毛及具腺微柔毛。花萼钟形,长7-9毫米,背面常染紫色,外面沿脉被长柔毛,余部被腺体,萼口边缘被缘毛,内面满布微硬伏毛,二唇形,上唇宽三角形,长2.5毫米,宽6.5毫米,先端具小尖突,具3脉,2侧脉具狭翅,下唇比上唇长,长3毫米,宽5毫米,浅裂成2齿,齿三角形,渐尖。花冠蓝紫色,长2.5-3厘米,外被短柔毛,内面在冠筒中下部散布微柔毛,冠筒长13-15毫米,喇叭形,基部宽约2.5毫米,至喉部宽达6毫米,冠檐二唇形,上唇镰刀形,先端微缺,向上高举,长9-11毫米,宽约4.5毫米,下唇3裂,中裂片最大,倒心形,长4.5毫米,宽7毫米,先端微缺,基部收缩,边缘波状;侧裂片卵圆形,宽2.5毫米。能育雄蕊2,包在花冠上唇内,花丝扁平,长3毫米,药隔长6-10毫米,上臂长约为下臂的2倍,二下臂药室退化,顶端联合。花柱伸出,先端不相等2裂,后裂片较短。花盘前方略膨大。小坚果椭圆形,黑棕色,光滑。花期4-8月。
分布(Distribution):产云南、四川及贵州;生于海拔1800-2900米山坡草地、林边路旁或疏林干燥地上。
用途(Use):
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 17 Page 211
Salvia yunnanensis C. H. Wright, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1896: 164. 1896.
云南鼠尾草 yun nan shu wei cao | Lamiaceae  | Salvia
Salvia bodinieri Vaniot; S. esquirolii H. Léveillé.
Plants perennial. Tuberous roots 2 or 3, scarlet outside. Stems erect, ca. 30 cm, densely spreading white villous. Leaves mostly basal; petiole 2.5-10 cm, villous; blade simple, trifid, or pinnate; stem leaves 1- or 2-paired, short petiolate; blade of simple leaves oblong-elliptic, 2-8 × 1.5-3.5 cm, papery, abaxially purplish, densely or sparsely villous, rarely glabrescent, finely corrugate, base cordate to rounded, margin crenate, apex obtuse to rounded; terminal lobes of compound leaves largest, ovate to elliptic. Inflorescences villous, glandular puberulent; verticillasters 4-6-flowered, widely spaced, in terminal racemes or panicles 7-13 cm; bracts shorter than pedicels, pubescent. Pedicel ca. 3 mm. Calyx campanulate, 7-9 mm, abaxially tinged purple, glandular, villous on veins; upper lip broadly triangular, ca. 2.5 × 6.5 mm, apex mucronate; lower lip ca. 3 × 5 mm. Corolla blue-purple, 2.5-3 cm, pubescent; tube sparsely puberulent below middle inside, 1.3-1.5 cm, funnelform, ca. 2.5 mm wide at base, to 6 mm wide at throat; upper lip falcate, 9-11 × ca. 4.5 mm; middle lobe of lower lip with undulate margin; lateral lobes ovate, ca. 2.5 mm wide. Filaments ca. 3 mm; connectives 6-10 mm, upper arms ca. 2 × as long as upper. Nutlets black, ellipsoid. Fl. Apr-Aug.
* Grassy hillsides, forest margins, dry thin forests; 1800-2900 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan
Used medicinally.
云南鼠尾草Salvia yunnanensis

云南鼠尾草Salvia yunnanensis

云南鼠尾草Salvia yunnanensis
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