欧薄荷Mentha longifolia
中文名（Chinese Name）：欧薄荷
学名（Scientific Name）：Mentha longifolia L.
英文名（English Common Name）：spearmint
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Mentha spicata var. longifolia L. Mentha acuminata Topitz Mentha albida Willd. ex Heinr.Braun Mentha alpigena A.Kern. Mentha aquatica var. gracilis Wimm. & Grab. Mentha decloetiana Opiz ex Déségl. Mentha densicapilla (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha bacsensis Trautm. Mentha discolor Opiz ex Déségl. Mentha dulcissima Dumort. Mentha baldensis Heinr.Braun Mentha balsamiflora Heinr.Braun Mentha bezdanensis Prodán Mentha brassoensis (Topitz) Trautm. Mentha brittingeri Opiz Mentha caerulescens Opiz ex Strail Mentha candicans f. angustifolia (Lapeyr.) Timb.-Lagr. Mentha candicans f. leptostachya Pérard Mentha candicans f. ramosa Timb.-Lagr. Mentha candicans Mill. Mentha canescens Roth Mentha cardiophyllos Borbás ex Heinr.Braun Mentha caucasica (Briq.) Vorosch. Mentha chaunanthera (Topitz) Trautm. Mentha coerulescens Opiz ex Déségl. Mentha collivaga (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha cretica Port. ex Heinr.Braun Mentha cuspidata Opiz ex Déségl. Mentha dumetorum var. hispidula (Boreau) Rouy Mentha eisensteiniana Opiz Mentha ensidens (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha favratii Déségl. & T.Durand Mentha filina Wallr. Mentha firmicaulis (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha flanatica Borbás ex Heinr.Braun Mentha foliosa Opiz Mentha foroiulensis (Topitz) Trautm. Mentha glaucostachya (Topitz) Trautm. Mentha grisella subsp. caucasica Briq. Mentha grisella subsp. minutiflora Briq. Mentha grisella subsp. syriaca (Déségl.) Briq. Mentha grisella Briq. Mentha hapalophylla (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha hispidula Boreau Mentha hollosyana Borbás Mentha horridula (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha hugueninii Déségl. & T.Durand Mentha illyrica Borbás & Heinr.Braun Mentha incana f. barthiana Borbás Mentha incana var. litoralis Borbás Mentha incana Willd. Mentha ischnostachya (Topitz) Trautm. Mentha jurana (Déségl. & T.Durand) Heinr.Braun Mentha kozorensis Trautm. Mentha krassoensis Heinr.Braun Mentha kuncii Borbás Mentha laggeri Déségl. & T.Durand Mentha longifolia subsp. aequifrons Trautm. & Urum. Mentha longifolia subsp. ambigua (Guss.) Hayek Mentha longifolia subsp. balcanica Trautm. & Urum. Mentha longifolia subsp. bulgarica Trautm. Mentha longifolia subsp. bureschiana Trautm. Mentha longifolia subsp. caucasica Briq. Mentha longifolia subsp. diabolina (Briq.) Briq. Mentha longifolia subsp. erminea (Briq.) Briq. Mentha longifolia subsp. ferdinandii Trautm. Mentha longifolia subsp. fuliginosa Trautm. & Urum. Mentha longifolia subsp. grisella Briq. Mentha longifolia subsp. incisifolia Trautm. & Urum. Mentha longifolia subsp. javorkae Trautm. Mentha longifolia subsp. lavandulacea (Willd.) Briq. Mentha longifolia subsp. libidinosa Trautm. & Urum. Mentha longifolia subsp. minutiflora (Briq.) Briq. Mentha lavandulacea Willd. Mentha lavandulifolia Pers. Mentha leioneura Borbás Mentha lepidioides Legrand Mentha lereschii Déségl. & T.Durand Mentha leucantha Borbás ex Heinr.Braun Mentha ligustrina Heinr.Braun Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia
科属（Family & Genus）：唇形科（Labiatae）薄荷属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高达100厘米；根茎匍匐，节上生根，具地下枝；植株各部被扁平具横缢的具节毛。茎直立，极分枝，锐四棱形，带白色，具条纹，特别在上部被有倒向短而柔软的绒毛伏具节柔毛。叶无柄或下部叶具短柄，卵圆形至长圆状披针形或披针形，长达6厘米，宽1.5厘米，先端锐尖，基部圆形至浅心形，边缘具粗大而不整齐的锯齿状牙齿，上面暗绿或深绿色，多少密被有贴生的绒毛状具节柔毛，其后近于无毛，下面为绿色，密被贴生绒毛状具节柔毛。轮伞花序在茎及分枝顶端集合组成圆柱形先端锐尖的穗状花序，此花序长3-8厘米，位于其下方的轮伞花序稍远离，位于上方者密集；苞叶类似苞片，线状钻形，除下部苞叶外均短于轮伞花序；花梗长可达2毫米，被绒毛状具节长柔毛。花萼钟形，长约2毫米，外面被绒毛状具节柔毛，内面无毛，5脉，不显著，萼齿5，线状钻形，果时靠合，近等于萼筒，长约1毫米。花冠淡紫色，长4毫米，外面在唇上疏被微柔毛，内面无毛，冠筒向上渐扩大，与唇片等长，长2毫米，冠檐4裂，上裂片长圆状卵形，先端微凹，其余3裂片长圆形，较狭，先端钝。雄蕊4，伸出，彼此近等长，花丝丝状，无毛，花药卵圆形，2室。花柱超出花冠很多，先端稍扁平，相等2浅裂，裂片钻形。花盘平顶。子房无毛。花期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产欧洲，我国南方作为芳香植物有栽培。
用途（Use）：作芳香及药用植物广为栽培，花序及叶的出油率为0.23-1.1%，油的成分主为胡薄荷醇（约含40%）、薄荷脑及薄荷酮。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 17 Page 237
Mentha longifolia (Linnaeus) Hudson, Fl. Angl. 22 1. 1762.
欧薄荷 ou bo he| Lamiaceae | Mentha
Mentha spicata Linnaeus var. longifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 576. 1753; M. sylvestris Linnaeus, 1763.
Plants rhizomatous, perennial. Stems erect, to 1 m, much branched, whitish, striate, retrorse short tomentose-villous. Leaf blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate, to 6 × 1.5 cm, appressed tomentose-villous, subglabrescent, base rounded to shallow cordate, margin coarsely irregular serrate-dentate, apex acute. Verticillasters in cylindric terminal spikes 3-8 cm, lower ones somewhat lax; floral leaves linear-subulate, mostly shorter than verticillasters. Pedicel to 2 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2 mm, tomentose-villous, obscurely 5-veined; teeth linear-subulate, ca. 1 mm, close together in fruit. Corolla purplish, ca. 4 mm, sparsely puberulent; tube ca. 2 mm, gradually dilated upward; lobes oblong, obtuse; upper lobe oblong-ovate, emarginate. Ovary glabrous. Fl. Jul-Sep.
Nanjing Shi, Shanghai Shi, and other cities [Russia; SW Asia, Europe]
Cultivated in China. A polymorphic aromatic herb used medicinally.
Mentha asiatica, M. vagans, and the Himalayan M. royleana Bentham all are very closely related to and perhaps doubtfully distinct from M. longifolia. Further work is needed to fully assess their correct status.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Mentha longifolia L.
英文名（English Common Name）：spearmint
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Mentha spicata var. longifolia L. Mentha acuminata Topitz Mentha albida Willd. ex Heinr.Braun Mentha alpigena A.Kern. Mentha aquatica var. gracilis Wimm. & Grab. Mentha decloetiana Opiz ex Déségl. Mentha densicapilla (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha bacsensis Trautm. Mentha discolor Opiz ex Déségl. Mentha dulcissima Dumort. Mentha baldensis Heinr.Braun Mentha balsamiflora Heinr.Braun Mentha bezdanensis Prodán Mentha brassoensis (Topitz) Trautm. Mentha brittingeri Opiz Mentha caerulescens Opiz ex Strail Mentha candicans f. angustifolia (Lapeyr.) Timb.-Lagr. Mentha candicans f. leptostachya Pérard Mentha candicans f. ramosa Timb.-Lagr. Mentha candicans Mill. Mentha canescens Roth Mentha cardiophyllos Borbás ex Heinr.Braun Mentha caucasica (Briq.) Vorosch. Mentha chaunanthera (Topitz) Trautm. Mentha coerulescens Opiz ex Déségl. Mentha collivaga (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha cretica Port. ex Heinr.Braun Mentha cuspidata Opiz ex Déségl. Mentha dumetorum var. hispidula (Boreau) Rouy Mentha eisensteiniana Opiz Mentha ensidens (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha favratii Déségl. & T.Durand Mentha filina Wallr. Mentha firmicaulis (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha flanatica Borbás ex Heinr.Braun Mentha foliosa Opiz Mentha foroiulensis (Topitz) Trautm. Mentha glaucostachya (Topitz) Trautm. Mentha grisella subsp. caucasica Briq. Mentha grisella subsp. minutiflora Briq. Mentha grisella subsp. syriaca (Déségl.) Briq. Mentha grisella Briq. Mentha hapalophylla (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha hispidula Boreau Mentha hollosyana Borbás Mentha horridula (Briq.) Trautm. Mentha hugueninii Déségl. & T.Durand Mentha illyrica Borbás & Heinr.Braun Mentha incana f. barthiana Borbás Mentha incana var. litoralis Borbás Mentha incana Willd. Mentha ischnostachya (Topitz) Trautm. Mentha jurana (Déségl. & T.Durand) Heinr.Braun Mentha kozorensis Trautm. Mentha krassoensis Heinr.Braun Mentha kuncii Borbás Mentha laggeri Déségl. & T.Durand Mentha longifolia subsp. aequifrons Trautm. & Urum. Mentha longifolia subsp. ambigua (Guss.) Hayek Mentha longifolia subsp. balcanica Trautm. & Urum. Mentha longifolia subsp. bulgarica Trautm. Mentha longifolia subsp. bureschiana Trautm. Mentha longifolia subsp. caucasica Briq. Mentha longifolia subsp. diabolina (Briq.) Briq. Mentha longifolia subsp. erminea (Briq.) Briq. Mentha longifolia subsp. ferdinandii Trautm. Mentha longifolia subsp. fuliginosa Trautm. & Urum. Mentha longifolia subsp. grisella Briq. Mentha longifolia subsp. incisifolia Trautm. & Urum. Mentha longifolia subsp. javorkae Trautm. Mentha longifolia subsp. lavandulacea (Willd.) Briq. Mentha longifolia subsp. libidinosa Trautm. & Urum. Mentha longifolia subsp. minutiflora (Briq.) Briq. Mentha lavandulacea Willd. Mentha lavandulifolia Pers. Mentha leioneura Borbás Mentha lepidioides Legrand Mentha lereschii Déségl. & T.Durand Mentha leucantha Borbás ex Heinr.Braun Mentha ligustrina Heinr.Braun Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia
科属（Family & Genus）：唇形科（Labiatae）薄荷属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高达100厘米；根茎匍匐，节上生根，具地下枝；植株各部被扁平具横缢的具节毛。茎直立，极分枝，锐四棱形，带白色，具条纹，特别在上部被有倒向短而柔软的绒毛伏具节柔毛。叶无柄或下部叶具短柄，卵圆形至长圆状披针形或披针形，长达6厘米，宽1.5厘米，先端锐尖，基部圆形至浅心形，边缘具粗大而不整齐的锯齿状牙齿，上面暗绿或深绿色，多少密被有贴生的绒毛状具节柔毛，其后近于无毛，下面为绿色，密被贴生绒毛状具节柔毛。轮伞花序在茎及分枝顶端集合组成圆柱形先端锐尖的穗状花序，此花序长3-8厘米，位于其下方的轮伞花序稍远离，位于上方者密集；苞叶类似苞片，线状钻形，除下部苞叶外均短于轮伞花序；花梗长可达2毫米，被绒毛状具节长柔毛。花萼钟形，长约2毫米，外面被绒毛状具节柔毛，内面无毛，5脉，不显著，萼齿5，线状钻形，果时靠合，近等于萼筒，长约1毫米。花冠淡紫色，长4毫米，外面在唇上疏被微柔毛，内面无毛，冠筒向上渐扩大，与唇片等长，长2毫米，冠檐4裂，上裂片长圆状卵形，先端微凹，其余3裂片长圆形，较狭，先端钝。雄蕊4，伸出，彼此近等长，花丝丝状，无毛，花药卵圆形，2室。花柱超出花冠很多，先端稍扁平，相等2浅裂，裂片钻形。花盘平顶。子房无毛。花期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产欧洲，我国南方作为芳香植物有栽培。
用途（Use）：作芳香及药用植物广为栽培，花序及叶的出油率为0.23-1.1%，油的成分主为胡薄荷醇（约含40%）、薄荷脑及薄荷酮。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 17 Page 237
Mentha longifolia (Linnaeus) Hudson, Fl. Angl. 22 1. 1762.
欧薄荷 ou bo he| Lamiaceae | Mentha
Mentha spicata Linnaeus var. longifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 576. 1753; M. sylvestris Linnaeus, 1763.
Plants rhizomatous, perennial. Stems erect, to 1 m, much branched, whitish, striate, retrorse short tomentose-villous. Leaf blade ovate to oblong-lanceolate, to 6 × 1.5 cm, appressed tomentose-villous, subglabrescent, base rounded to shallow cordate, margin coarsely irregular serrate-dentate, apex acute. Verticillasters in cylindric terminal spikes 3-8 cm, lower ones somewhat lax; floral leaves linear-subulate, mostly shorter than verticillasters. Pedicel to 2 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2 mm, tomentose-villous, obscurely 5-veined; teeth linear-subulate, ca. 1 mm, close together in fruit. Corolla purplish, ca. 4 mm, sparsely puberulent; tube ca. 2 mm, gradually dilated upward; lobes oblong, obtuse; upper lobe oblong-ovate, emarginate. Ovary glabrous. Fl. Jul-Sep.
Nanjing Shi, Shanghai Shi, and other cities [Russia; SW Asia, Europe]
Cultivated in China. A polymorphic aromatic herb used medicinally.
Mentha asiatica, M. vagans, and the Himalayan M. royleana Bentham all are very closely related to and perhaps doubtfully distinct from M. longifolia. Further work is needed to fully assess their correct status.
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