金疮小草Ajuga decumbens

中文名(Chinese Name):金疮小草
学名(Scientific Name):Ajuga decumbens Thunb.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):青鱼胆、苦地胆
异名(Synonym):
科属(Family & Genus):唇形科(Labiatae)筋骨草属
形态特征(Description):一或二年生草本,平卧或上升,具匍匐茎,茎长10-20厘米,被白色长柔毛或绵状长柔毛,幼嫩部分尤多,绿色,老茎有时呈紫绿色。基生叶较多,较茎生叶长而大,叶柄长1-2.5厘米或以上,具狭翅,呈紫绿色或浅绿色,被长柔毛;叶片薄纸质,匙形或倒卵状披针形,长3-6厘米,宽1.5-2.5厘米,有时长达14厘米,宽达5厘米,先端钝至圆形,基部渐狭,下延,边缘具不整齐的波状圆齿或儿全缘,具缘毛,两面被疏糙伏毛或疏柔毛,尤以脉上为密,侧脉4-5对,斜上升,与中脉在上面微隆起,下面十分突起。轮伞花序多花,排列成间断长7-12厘米的穗状花序,位于下部的轮伞花序疏离,上部者密集;下部苞叶与茎叶同形,匙形,上部者呈苞片状,披针形;花梗短。花萼漏斗状,长5-8毫米,外面仅萼齿及其边缘被疏柔毛,内面无毛,具10脉,萼齿5,狭三角形或短三角形,长约为花萼1/2。花冠淡蓝色或淡红紫色,稀白色,筒状,挺直,基部略膨大,长8-10毫米,外面被疏柔毛,内面仅冠筒被疏微柔毛,近基部有毛环,冠檐二唇形,上唇短,直立,圆形,顶端微缺,下唇宽大,伸长,3裂,中裂片狭扇形或倒心形,侧裂片长圆形或近椭圆形。雄蕊4,二强,微弯,伸出,花丝细弱,被疏柔毛或儿无毛。花柱超出雄蕊,微弯,光端2浅裂,裂片细尖。花盘环状,裂片不明显,前面微呈指状膨大。子房4裂,无毛。小坚果倒卵状三棱形,背部具网状皱纹,腹部有果脐,果脐约占腹面2/3。花期3-7月,果期5-11月。
分布(Distribution):产长江以南各省区,生于海拔360-1400米溪边、路旁及湿润的草坡上。朝鲜、日本也有。
用途(Use):全草入药,治痈疽疔疮、火眼、乳痈、鼻衄、咽喉炎、肠胃炎、急性结膜炎、烫伤、狗咬伤、毒蛇咬伤以及外伤出血等症。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 17 Page 68
Ajuga decumbens Thunberg, Syst. Veg., ed. 14. 525. 1784.
金疮小草 jin chuang xiao cao| Lamiaceae  | Ajuga
Herbs annual or biennial, stoloniferous. Stems 10-30 cm tall, white villous or lanate-villous especially on young parts. Basal leaves numerous, longer than stem leaves; petiole 1-2.5 cm or more, narrowly winged, purplish green or greenish, villous; leaf blade 3-6(-14) × 1.5-2.5(-5) cm, sparsely strigose to pilose, base attenuate-decurrent, ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded. Verticillasters many flowered, basally widely spaced, apically crowded in interrupted spikes 7-12 cm; apical floral leaves bractlike, lanceolate. Pedicel short. Calyx funnelform, 5-8 mm, margin pilose; teeth triangular, to 1/2 as long as calyx. Corolla tubular, straight, basally slightly swollen, 8-10 mm, pilose, villous annulate inside; upper lip of limb straight, circular, apex emarginate; middle lobe of lower lip narrowly flabellate to obcordate, lateral lobes oblong to subelliptic. Nutlets areole to nearly 2/3 as long as adaxial side of nutlet. Fl. Mar-Jul, fr. May-Nov.
Streamsides, roadsides, wet grassy slopes, wet areas in bamboo forests; 400-2300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea]
金疮小草Ajuga decumbens



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