白苞蒿Artemisia lactiflora

白苞蒿Artemisia lactiflora

白苞蒿Artemisia lactiflora

白苞蒿Artemisia lactiflora

中文名(Chinese Name):白苞蒿
学名(Scientific Name):Artemisia lactiflora Wall. ex DC.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):广东刘寄奴、鸭脚艾
异名(Synonym):Artemisia septemlobata H. Lév. et Vaniot  Artemisia lactiflora f. henryana Pamp.  Artemisia lactiflora f. septemlobata (H. Lév. et Vaniot) Pamp.
科属(Family & Genus):菊科(Compositae)蒿属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本。主根明显,侧根细而长;根状茎短,直径4-8(-15)毫米。茎通常单生,直立,稀2至少数集生,高50-150(-200)厘米,绿褐色或深褐色,纵棱稍明显;上半部具开展、纤细、着生头状花序的分枝,枝长5-15(-25)厘米;茎、枝初时微有稀疏、白色的蛛丝状柔毛,后脱落无毛。叶薄纸质或纸质,上面初时有稀疏、不明显的腺毛状的短柔毛,背面初时微有稀疏短柔毛,后脱落无毛;基生叶与茎下部叶宽卵形或长卵形,二回或一至二回羽状全裂,具长叶柄,花期叶多凋谢;中部叶卵圆形或长卵形,长5.5-12.5(-14.5)厘米,宽4.5-8.5(-12)厘米,二回或一至二回羽状全裂,稀少深裂,每侧有裂片3-4(-5)枚,裂片或小裂片形状变化大,卵形、长卵形,倒卵形或椭圆形、基部与侧边中部裂片最大,长2-8厘米,宽1-3厘米,先端渐尖、长尖或钝尖,边缘常有细裂齿或锯齿或近全缘,中轴微有狭翅,叶柄长2-5厘米,两侧有时有小裂齿,基部具细小的假托叶;上部叶与苞片叶略小,羽状深裂或全裂,边缘有小裂齿或锯齿。头状花序长圆形,直径1.5-2.5(-3)毫米,无梗,基部无小苞叶,在分枝的小枝上数枚或10余枚排成密穗状花序,在分枝上排成复穗状花序,而在茎上端组成开展或略开展的圆锥花序,稀为狭窄的圆锥花序;总苞片3-4层,半膜质或膜质,背面无毛,外层总苞片略短小,卵形,中、内层总苞片长圆形、椭圆形或近倒卵状披针形;雌花3-6朵,花冠狭管状,檐部具2裂齿,花柱细长,先端2叉,叉端钝尖;两性花4-10朵,花冠管状,花药椭圆形,先端附属物尖,长三角形,基部圆钝,花柱近与花冠等长,先端2叉,叉端截形,有睫毛。瘦果倒卵形或倒卵状长圆形。花果期8-11月。
分布(Distribution):主要产于秦岭以南各省区,生于海拔3000米以下的林下、林缘、灌丛及山谷等处。东南亚也有。
用途(Use):含挥发油,成分有黄酮苷、酚类,还含氨基酸及香豆素等物质。全草入药,广东、广西民间作“刘寄奴”(奇蒿)的代用品,有清热、解毒、止咳、消炎、活血、散瘀、通经等作用,用于治肝、肾疾病,近年也用于治血丝虫病。
引自中国植物志英文版 FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 717
Artemisia lactiflora Wallich ex Candolle, Prodr. 6: 115. 1838.
白苞蒿 bai bao hao | Asteraceae  | Artemisia
Herbs, perennial, 50-150(-200) cm tall, all parts glabrous. Lower and middle stem leaves: petiole 2-5 cm or more; leaf blade ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5.5-12.5(-31) × 4.5-8.5(-15) cm, 1 or 2(or 3)-pinnatisect, rarely partite; segments 3 or 4(or 5) pairs, very variable, ovate, ovate-elliptic, obovate, or elliptic; basal and lateral lobes larger than distal lobes, 2-8 × 1-3 cm, margin irregularly serrate, apex rounded to acuminate. Uppermost leaves and leaflike bracts 1- or 2-pinnatipartite or -sect, margin serrate. Synflorescence a ± narrow conical panicle, often with extra panicles from upper nodes to form broad, conical, compound panicle; branches obliquely ascending; ultimate branches to 4 cm; bracts mostly absent. Capitula closely spaced, sessile. Involucre oblong, 1.5-2.5(-3) mm in diam. Marginal female florets 4-10. Disk florets 4-10, bisexual. Achenes obovoid or obovoid-oblong. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 16, 18.
Forest margins, shrublands, canyons, slopes, roadsides, riverbanks, thickets; low elevations to 3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, N India, Indonesia, Laos, Singapore, N Thailand].(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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