榉树Zelkova serrata

中文名(Chinese Name):榉树
学名(Scientific Name):Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):光叶榉,鸡油树
异名(Synonym):Corchorus serratus Thunb.  Abelicea hirta C. K. Schneid.  Planera acuminata Lindl.  Planera japonica Miq.  Zelkova serrata var. tarokoensis (Hayata) Li  Zelkova acuminata Planch.  Zelkova tarokoensis Hayata  Zelkova formosana Hayata  Zelkova hirta C. K. Schneid.  Zelkova keaki Maxim.  Ulmus keaki Siebold  Abelicea serrata (Thunb.) Makino
科属Family & Genus):榆科Ulmaceae榉属Zelkova
形态特征(Description):乔木,高达30米,胸径达100厘米;树皮灰白色或褐灰色,呈不规则的片状剥落;当年生枝紫褐色或棕褐色,疏被短柔毛,后渐脱落;冬芽圆锥状卵形或椭圆状球形。叶薄纸质至厚纸质,大小形状变异很大,卵形、椭圆形或卵状披针形,长3-10厘米,宽1.5-5厘米,先端渐尖或尾状渐尖,基部有的稍偏斜,圆形或浅心形,稀宽楔形,叶面绿,干后绿或深绿,稀暗褐色,稀带光泽,幼时疏生糙毛,后脱落变平滑,叶背浅绿,幼时被短柔毛,后脱落或仅沿主脉两侧残留有稀疏的柔毛,边缘有圆齿状锯齿,具短尖头,侧脉(5-) 7-14对;叶柄粗短,长2-6毫米,被短柔毛;托叶膜质,紫褐色,披针形,长7-9毫米。雄花具极短的梗,径约3毫米,花被裂至中部,花被裂片 (5-) 6-7 (-8),不等大,外面被细毛,退化子房缺;雌花近无梗,径约1.5毫米,花被片4-5 (-6),外面被细毛,子房被细毛。核果几乎无梗,淡绿色,斜卵状圆锥形,上面偏斜,凹陷,直径2.5-3.5毫米,具背腹脊,网肋明显,表面被柔毛,具宿存的花被。花期4月,果期9-11月。
分布(Distribution):产辽宁、陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南和广东。生于河谷、溪边疏林中,海拔500-1 900米。在日本和朝鲜也有分布。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 5 Page 10      
Zelkova serrata (Thunberg) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 17: 13. 1903.
榉树 ju shu | Ulmaceae  | Zelkova
Abelicea hirta C. K. Schneider; Corchorus serrata Thunberg; Planera acuminata Lindley; P. japonica Miquel; Ulmus keaki Siebold; Zelkova acuminata Planchon; Z. formosana Hayata; Z. hirta C. K. Schneider; Z. keaki Maximowicz; Z. serrata (Thunberg) Makino var. tarokoensis (Hayata) Li; Z. tarokoensis Hayata.
Trees, to 30 m tall, d.b.h. to 1 m, deciduous. Bark grayish white to grayish brown, exfoliating. Branchlets brownish purple to brown, pubescent or glabrescent. Winter buds conic-ovoid to ovoid. Stipules brownish purple, lanceolate, 7-9 mm. Petiole 2-6 mm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 3-10 × 1.5-5 cm, papery to thickly papery, glabrous or abaxially sparsely pubescent along veins, adaxially sparsely hispid, base slightly oblique, rounded, or shallowly cordate, margin serrate to crenate, apex caudate-acuminate; secondary veins 9-15 on each side of midvein. Male flowers: shortly pedicellate, ca. 3 mm in diam. Perianth (5 or)7(or 8)-parted to middle. Female flowers: subsessile, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. Perianth 4- or 5(or 6)-parted. Ovary pubescent. Drupes pea green, subsessile, 2.5-3.5 mm in diam., surface covered by an irregular network of low ridges. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep-Nov. 2n = 28.
Valleys, beside streams; 500-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu (Qin Ling), N Guangdong, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning (Dalian), Shaanxi (Qin Ling), Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Kuril Islands)].
The bark and leaves are used medicinally.
 榉树Zelkova serrata

榉树Zelkova serrata

榉树Zelkova serrata
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