无患子Sapindus saponaria
中文名（Chinese Name）：无患子
学名（Scientific Name）：Sapindus saponaria L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：木患子，油患子
异名（Synonym）：Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. Sapindus abruptus Lour. Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn., 1888 Sapindus alatus Salisb. Sapindus divaricatus Cambess. Sapindus forsythii DC. Sapindus inaequalis DC. Sapindus indica Poir. Sapindus peruvianus var. dombeyanus Walper Sapindus peruvianus var. meyenianus Walper Sapindus peruvianus Walp. Sapindus rigidus Mill. Sapindus saponaria f. genuinus Radlk. Sapindus stenopterus DC. Sapindus thurstonii Rock Sapindus turczaninowii Vidal
科属（Family & Genus）：无患子属Sapindus无患子科Sapindaceae
形态特征（Description）：落叶大乔木，高可达20余米，树皮灰褐色或黑褐色；嫩枝绿色，无毛。叶连柄长25-45厘米或更长，叶轴稍扁，上面两侧有直槽，无毛或被微柔毛；小叶5-8对，通常近对生，叶片薄纸质，长椭圆状披针形或稍呈镰形，长7-15厘米或更长，宽2-5厘米，顶端短尖或短渐尖，基部楔形，稍不对称，腹面有光泽，两面无毛或背面被微柔毛；侧脉纤细而密，约15-17对，近平行；小叶柄长约5毫米。花序顶生，圆锥形；花小，辐射对称，花梗常很短；萼片卵形或长圆状卵形，大的长约2毫米，外面基部被疏柔毛；花瓣5，披针形，有长爪，长约2.5毫米，外面基部被长柔毛或近无毛，鳞片2个，小耳状；花盘碟状，无毛；雄蕊8，伸出，花丝长约3.5毫米，中部以下密被长柔毛；子房无毛。果的发育分果爿近球形，直径2-2.5厘米，橙黄色，干时变黑。花期春季，果期夏秋。
分布（Distribution）：我国产东部、南部至西南部。各地寺庙、庭园和村边常见栽培。日本、朝鲜、中南半岛和印度等地也常栽培。
用途（Use）：根和果入药，味苦微甘，有小毒，功能清热解毒、化痰止咳；果皮含有皂素，可代肥皂，尤宜于丝质品之洗濯。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 6, 11
Sapindus saponaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 367. 1753.
无患子 wu huan zi| Sapindaceae | Sapindus
Sapindus abruptus Loureiro; S. mukorossi Gaertner.
Trees, deciduous, to 20 m tall. Bark grayish brown or blackish brown; young branches green, glabrous. Leaves with petiole 25-45 cm or longer, axis slightly flat, grooved adaxially, glabrous or pilosulose; leaflets 5-8 pairs, usually subopposite; petiolule ca. 5 mm; blades adaxially shiny, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate or slightly falcate, 7-15 × 2-5 cm, thinly papery, abaxially glabrous or pilosulose, lateral veins 15-17 pairs, nearly parallel, dense, slender, base cuneate, slightly asymmetrical, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, conical. Flowers actinomorphic, small. Pedicels very short. Sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, larger ones ca. 2 mm, abaxially pilose at base. Petals 5, lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially villous at base or subglabrous, long clawed; scales 2, earlike, at base adaxially. Disk acetabuliform, glabrous. Stamens 8, exserted; filaments ca. 3.5 mm, densely villous below middle. Ovary glabrous. Fertile schizocarps orange, black when dry, subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam. Fl. spring, fr. summer-autumn.
Usually cultivated by temples, in gardens, and alongside villages. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, New Guinea, Thailand, N Vietnam].
This species is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Sapindus saponaria L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：木患子，油患子
异名（Synonym）：Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. Sapindus abruptus Lour. Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn., 1888 Sapindus alatus Salisb. Sapindus divaricatus Cambess. Sapindus forsythii DC. Sapindus inaequalis DC. Sapindus indica Poir. Sapindus peruvianus var. dombeyanus Walper Sapindus peruvianus var. meyenianus Walper Sapindus peruvianus Walp. Sapindus rigidus Mill. Sapindus saponaria f. genuinus Radlk. Sapindus stenopterus DC. Sapindus thurstonii Rock Sapindus turczaninowii Vidal
科属（Family & Genus）：无患子属Sapindus无患子科Sapindaceae
形态特征（Description）：落叶大乔木，高可达20余米，树皮灰褐色或黑褐色；嫩枝绿色，无毛。叶连柄长25-45厘米或更长，叶轴稍扁，上面两侧有直槽，无毛或被微柔毛；小叶5-8对，通常近对生，叶片薄纸质，长椭圆状披针形或稍呈镰形，长7-15厘米或更长，宽2-5厘米，顶端短尖或短渐尖，基部楔形，稍不对称，腹面有光泽，两面无毛或背面被微柔毛；侧脉纤细而密，约15-17对，近平行；小叶柄长约5毫米。花序顶生，圆锥形；花小，辐射对称，花梗常很短；萼片卵形或长圆状卵形，大的长约2毫米，外面基部被疏柔毛；花瓣5，披针形，有长爪，长约2.5毫米，外面基部被长柔毛或近无毛，鳞片2个，小耳状；花盘碟状，无毛；雄蕊8，伸出，花丝长约3.5毫米，中部以下密被长柔毛；子房无毛。果的发育分果爿近球形，直径2-2.5厘米，橙黄色，干时变黑。花期春季，果期夏秋。
分布（Distribution）：我国产东部、南部至西南部。各地寺庙、庭园和村边常见栽培。日本、朝鲜、中南半岛和印度等地也常栽培。
用途（Use）：根和果入药，味苦微甘，有小毒，功能清热解毒、化痰止咳；果皮含有皂素，可代肥皂，尤宜于丝质品之洗濯。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 6, 11
Sapindus saponaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 367. 1753.
无患子 wu huan zi| Sapindaceae | Sapindus
Sapindus abruptus Loureiro; S. mukorossi Gaertner.
Trees, deciduous, to 20 m tall. Bark grayish brown or blackish brown; young branches green, glabrous. Leaves with petiole 25-45 cm or longer, axis slightly flat, grooved adaxially, glabrous or pilosulose; leaflets 5-8 pairs, usually subopposite; petiolule ca. 5 mm; blades adaxially shiny, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate or slightly falcate, 7-15 × 2-5 cm, thinly papery, abaxially glabrous or pilosulose, lateral veins 15-17 pairs, nearly parallel, dense, slender, base cuneate, slightly asymmetrical, apex acute or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, conical. Flowers actinomorphic, small. Pedicels very short. Sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, larger ones ca. 2 mm, abaxially pilose at base. Petals 5, lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially villous at base or subglabrous, long clawed; scales 2, earlike, at base adaxially. Disk acetabuliform, glabrous. Stamens 8, exserted; filaments ca. 3.5 mm, densely villous below middle. Ovary glabrous. Fertile schizocarps orange, black when dry, subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diam. Fl. spring, fr. summer-autumn.
Usually cultivated by temples, in gardens, and alongside villages. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, New Guinea, Thailand, N Vietnam].
This species is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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