野梧桐Mallotus japonicus

中文名(Chinese Name):野梧桐
学名(Scientific Name):Mallotus japonicus (Linn. f.) Müll. Arg.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Croton japonicus L. f.  Mallotus oreophilus var. ochraceoalbidus Müll.Arg.  Mallotus nepalensis var. ochraceoalbidus (Müll.Arg.) Pax  Mallotus japonicus var. ochraceoalbidus (Müll.Arg.) S.M.Hwang  Mallotus japonicus var. angustatus Koidz.
科属(Family & Genus):大戟科Euphorbiaceae野桐属Mallotus
形态特征(Description):小乔木或灌木,高2-4米;树皮褐色。嫩枝具纵棱,枝、叶柄和花序轴均密被褐色星状毛。叶互生,稀小枝上部有时近对生,纸质,形状多变,卵形、卵圆形、卵状三角形、肾形或横长圆形,长5-17厘米,宽3-11厘米,顶端急尖、凸尖或急渐尖,基部圆形、楔形,稀心形,边全缘,不分裂或上部每侧具1裂片或粗齿,上面无毛,下面仅叶脉稀疏被星状毛或无毛,疏散橙红色腺点;基出脉3条;侧脉5-7 对,近叶柄具黑色圆形腺体2颗;叶柄长5-17毫米。花雌雄异株,花序总状或下部常具3-5分枝,长8-20厘米;苞片钻形,长3-4毫米;雄花在每苞片内3-5朵;花蕾球形,顶端急尖;花梗长3-5毫米;花萼裂片3-4,卵形,长约3毫米,外面密被星状毛和腺点;雄蕊25-75,药隔稍宽;雌花序长8-15厘米,开展;苞片披针形,长约4毫米;雌花在每苞片内1朵;花梗长约1毫米,密被星状毛;花萼裂片4-5,披针形,长2.5-3毫米,顶端急尖,外面密被星状绒毛;子房近球形,三棱状;花柱3-4,中部以下合生,柱头长约4毫米,具疣状突起和密被星状毛。蒴果近扁球形,钝三棱形,直径8-10毫米,密被有星状毛的软刺和红色腺点;种子近球形,直径约5毫米,褐色或暗褐色,具皱纹。花期4-6月,果期7-8月。
分布(Distribution):产于台湾、浙江和江苏。多生于海拔320-600米林中。分布于日本。
用途(Use):种子含油量达38%,可供工业原料;木材质地轻软,可作小器具用材。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 11 Page 227, 236   
Mallotus japonicus (Linnaeus f.) Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea. 34: 189. 1865.
野梧桐 ye wu tong| Euphorbiaceae  | Mallotus
Croton japonicus Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 422. 1782 ["iaponicum"].
Shrubs 2-4 m tall. Branchlets dull brownish stellate-tomentulose when young. Petiole 3-17 cm; leaf blade suborbicular-ovate or rhombic-ovate, sometimes repand-tricuspidate, 8-20 × 5-15 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely stellate-pilosulose, sparsely yellowish glandular-scaly, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, obtuse, or slightly cordate, sometimes slightly peltate, with 2(or 4) glands, margin entire, apex acuminate; basal veins 3-5. Male inflorescences branched or unbranched, 7-18 cm, gray or brownish tomentulose; bracts sublanceolate, ca. 1 mm. Male flowers 2- or 3-fascicled; pedicels 2-3 mm; calyx lobes 3 or 4, ovate, ca. 3 mm, densely stellate-pilosulose; stamens 70-100. Female inflorescences branched or unbranched, 5-15 cm; bracts lanceolate, 2-3 mm. Female flowers: pedicel ca. 3 mm; sepals 4 or 5, triangular, 2-3 mm, tomentulose; ovary densely glandular-scaly, softly spiny and stellate-pilosulose; styles 3 or 4, ca. 4 mm, base connate for ca. 1 mm, long papillate. Fruiting pedicel ca. 3 mm; capsule ca. 8 mm in diam., reddish orange glandular-scaly and sparsely softly spiny, spines subulate, ca. 4 mm, sparsely stellate-pilosulose and glandular-scaly. Seeds subglobose, ca. 4 mm in diam., brown or black, verrucate. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug.
Valleys, forests, forest margins; 100-600 m. Jiangsu (cultivated), Taiwan, S Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
 野梧桐Mallotus japonicus
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