花红Malus asiatica
中文名（Chinese Name）：花红
学名（Scientific Name）：Malus asiatica Nakai
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：林檎、沙果
异名（Synonym）：Malus pumila var. rinki Koidz. Malus domestica var. asiatica (Nakai) Ponomar. Malus dulcissima var. rinki (Koidz.) Koidz. Malus prunifolia var. rinki (Koidz.) Rehder Malus matsumurae Koidz. Malus dulcissima var. asiatica Koidz. Pyrus matsumurae (Koidz.) Cardot Pyrus ringo Wenz. Malus domestica var. rinki (Koidz.) Ohle Malus matsumarae Koidz. Malus domestica var. rinkii (Koidz.) Ohle Malus dulcissima var. rinkii (Koidz.) Koidz. Malus pumila var. rinkii Koidz. Pyrus prunifolia var. rinkii (Koidz.) L.H.Bailey Malus x prunifolia var. rinkii (Koidz.) Rehder
科属（Family & Genus）：蔷薇科（Rosaceae）苹果属
形态特征（Description）：小乔木，高4-6米；小枝粗壮，圆柱形，嫩枝密被柔毛，老枝暗紫褐色，无毛，有稀疏浅色皮孔；冬芽卵形，先端急尖，初时密被柔毛，逐渐脱落，灰红色。叶片卵形或椭圆形，长5-11厘米，宽4-5.5厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部圆形或宽楔形，边缘有细锐锯齿，上面有短柔毛，逐渐脱落，下面密被短柔毛；叶柄长1.5-5厘米，具短柔毛；托叶小，膜质，披针形，早落。伞房花序，具花4-7朵，集生在小枝顶端；花梗长1.5-2厘米，密被柔毛；花直径3-4厘米；萼筒钟状，外面密被柔毛；萼片三角披针形，长4-5毫米，先端渐尖，全缘，内外两面密被柔毛，萼片比萼筒稍长；花瓣倒卵形或长圆倒卵形，长8-13毫米，宽4-7毫米，基部有短爪，淡粉色；雄蕊17-20，花丝长短不等，比花瓣短；花柱4 (-5)，基部具长绒毛，比雄蕊较长。果实卵形或近球形，直径4-5厘米，黄色或红色，先端渐狭，不具隆起，基部陷入，宿存萼肥厚隆起。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产内蒙古、辽宁、河北、河南、山东、山西、陕西、甘肃、湖北、四川、贵州、云南、新疆，适宜海拔50-2800米生长山坡阳处、平原砂地。
用途（Use）：果实多数不耐储藏运输，供鲜食用，并可加工制果干，果丹皮及酿果酒之用。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 9 Page 184
Malus asiatica Nakai in Matsumura, Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 3: 19. 1915.
花红 hua hong| Rosaceae | Malus
Malus asiatica var. argutisserrata Hu & Chen; M. domestica Borkhausen var. asiatica (Nakai) V. V. Ponomarenko; M. domestica var. rinki (Koidzumi) H. Ohle; M. dulcissima Koidzumi var. asiatica Koidzumi; M. dulcissima var. rinki (Koidzumi) Koidzumi; M. matsumurae Koidzumi; M. prunifolia Borkhausen var. rinki (Koidzumi) Rehder; M. pumila Miller var. rinki Koidzumi; Pyrus matsumurae (Koidzumi) Cardot; P. ringo Wenzig.
Trees small, 4–6 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old, terete, robust, densely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; buds grayish red, ovoid, initially densely pubescent, glabrescent. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, small, 3–5 mm, membranous, margin glandular serrate when young, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–5 cm, puberulous; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 5–11 × 4–5.5 cm, abaxially densely puberulous, adaxially initially puberulous, glabrescent, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin serrulate, apex acute or acuminate. Corymb at apices of branchlets, umbel-like, 3–5 cm in diam., 4–7(–10)-flowered; bracts caducous, lanceolate, membranous, pubescent, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.5–2 cm, densely pubescent. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam. Hypanthium densely pubescent abaxially. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, 4–5 mm, slightly longer than hypanthium, both surfaces densely pubescent, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals pinkish, obovate or oblong-obovate, 0.8–1.3 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 17–20, unequal, shorter than petals. Ovary 4- or 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 4(or 5), longer than stamens, tomentose basally. Pome yellow or red, ovoid or subglobose, 4–5 cm in diam., impressed at base; fruiting pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, pubescent; sepals persistent. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*, 68*.
Open slopes, sandy soils of plains; sea level to 2800 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
This species is a famous fruit tree in N and NE China. During its long cultivation, many cultivars have been bred, the fruit of which differ in shape, color, size, and ripening period.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Malus asiatica Nakai
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：林檎、沙果
异名（Synonym）：Malus pumila var. rinki Koidz. Malus domestica var. asiatica (Nakai) Ponomar. Malus dulcissima var. rinki (Koidz.) Koidz. Malus prunifolia var. rinki (Koidz.) Rehder Malus matsumurae Koidz. Malus dulcissima var. asiatica Koidz. Pyrus matsumurae (Koidz.) Cardot Pyrus ringo Wenz. Malus domestica var. rinki (Koidz.) Ohle Malus matsumarae Koidz. Malus domestica var. rinkii (Koidz.) Ohle Malus dulcissima var. rinkii (Koidz.) Koidz. Malus pumila var. rinkii Koidz. Pyrus prunifolia var. rinkii (Koidz.) L.H.Bailey Malus x prunifolia var. rinkii (Koidz.) Rehder
科属（Family & Genus）：蔷薇科（Rosaceae）苹果属
形态特征（Description）：小乔木，高4-6米；小枝粗壮，圆柱形，嫩枝密被柔毛，老枝暗紫褐色，无毛，有稀疏浅色皮孔；冬芽卵形，先端急尖，初时密被柔毛，逐渐脱落，灰红色。叶片卵形或椭圆形，长5-11厘米，宽4-5.5厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部圆形或宽楔形，边缘有细锐锯齿，上面有短柔毛，逐渐脱落，下面密被短柔毛；叶柄长1.5-5厘米，具短柔毛；托叶小，膜质，披针形，早落。伞房花序，具花4-7朵，集生在小枝顶端；花梗长1.5-2厘米，密被柔毛；花直径3-4厘米；萼筒钟状，外面密被柔毛；萼片三角披针形，长4-5毫米，先端渐尖，全缘，内外两面密被柔毛，萼片比萼筒稍长；花瓣倒卵形或长圆倒卵形，长8-13毫米，宽4-7毫米，基部有短爪，淡粉色；雄蕊17-20，花丝长短不等，比花瓣短；花柱4 (-5)，基部具长绒毛，比雄蕊较长。果实卵形或近球形，直径4-5厘米，黄色或红色，先端渐狭，不具隆起，基部陷入，宿存萼肥厚隆起。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产内蒙古、辽宁、河北、河南、山东、山西、陕西、甘肃、湖北、四川、贵州、云南、新疆，适宜海拔50-2800米生长山坡阳处、平原砂地。
用途（Use）：果实多数不耐储藏运输，供鲜食用，并可加工制果干，果丹皮及酿果酒之用。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 9 Page 184
Malus asiatica Nakai in Matsumura, Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 3: 19. 1915.
花红 hua hong| Rosaceae | Malus
Malus asiatica var. argutisserrata Hu & Chen; M. domestica Borkhausen var. asiatica (Nakai) V. V. Ponomarenko; M. domestica var. rinki (Koidzumi) H. Ohle; M. dulcissima Koidzumi var. asiatica Koidzumi; M. dulcissima var. rinki (Koidzumi) Koidzumi; M. matsumurae Koidzumi; M. prunifolia Borkhausen var. rinki (Koidzumi) Rehder; M. pumila Miller var. rinki Koidzumi; Pyrus matsumurae (Koidzumi) Cardot; P. ringo Wenzig.
Trees small, 4–6 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old, terete, robust, densely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; buds grayish red, ovoid, initially densely pubescent, glabrescent. Stipules caducous, lanceolate, small, 3–5 mm, membranous, margin glandular serrate when young, apex acuminate; petiole 1.5–5 cm, puberulous; leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 5–11 × 4–5.5 cm, abaxially densely puberulous, adaxially initially puberulous, glabrescent, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin serrulate, apex acute or acuminate. Corymb at apices of branchlets, umbel-like, 3–5 cm in diam., 4–7(–10)-flowered; bracts caducous, lanceolate, membranous, pubescent, apex acuminate. Pedicel 1.5–2 cm, densely pubescent. Flowers 3–4 cm in diam. Hypanthium densely pubescent abaxially. Sepals triangular-lanceolate, 4–5 mm, slightly longer than hypanthium, both surfaces densely pubescent, margin entire, apex acuminate. Petals pinkish, obovate or oblong-obovate, 0.8–1.3 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 17–20, unequal, shorter than petals. Ovary 4- or 5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 4(or 5), longer than stamens, tomentose basally. Pome yellow or red, ovoid or subglobose, 4–5 cm in diam., impressed at base; fruiting pedicel 1.5–2.5 cm, pubescent; sepals persistent. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 34*, 51*, 68*.
Open slopes, sandy soils of plains; sea level to 2800 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
This species is a famous fruit tree in N and NE China. During its long cultivation, many cultivars have been bred, the fruit of which differ in shape, color, size, and ripening period.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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