油橄榄Olea europaea
中文名(Chinese Name):油橄榄
学名(Scientific Name):Olea europaea L.
英文名(English Common Name):olive
别名(Chinese Common Name):木犀榄
异名(Synonym):Olea pallida Salisb.
科属(Family & Genus):木犀科(Oleaceae)木犀榄属
形态特征(Description):常绿小乔木,高可达10米;树皮灰色。枝灰色或灰褐色,近圆柱形,散生圆形皮孔,小枝具棱角,密被银灰色鳞片,节处稍压扁。叶片革质,披针形,有时为长圆状椭圆形或卵形,长1.5-6厘米,宽0.5-1.5厘米,先端锐尖至渐尖,具小凸尖,基部渐窄或楔形,全缘,叶缘反卷,上面深绿色,稍被银灰色鳞片,下面浅绿色,密被银灰色鳞片,两面无毛,中脉在两面凸起或上面微凹入,侧脉不甚明显,5-11对,在上面微凸起;叶柄长2-5毫米,密被银灰色鳞片,两侧下延于茎上成狭棱,上面具浅沟。圆锥花序腋生或顶生,长2-4厘米,较叶为短;花序梗长0.5-1厘米,被银灰色鳞片;苞片披针形或卵形,长0.5-2毫米;花梗短,长0-1毫米;花芳香,白色,两性;花萼杯状,长1-1.5毫米,浅裂或几近截形;花冠长3-4毫米,深裂几达基部,裂片长圆形,长2.5-3毫米,宽约1.5毫米,先端钝或锐尖,边缘内卷;花丝扁平,长约1毫米,花药卵状三角形,长1.8-2毫米;子房球形,无毛,花柱短,长约0.3毫米,柱头头状,2裂。果椭圆形,长1.6-2.5厘米,径1-2厘米,成熟时呈蓝黑色。花期4-5月,果期6-9月。
分布(Distribution):可能原产于小亚细亚,后广植于地中海地区,现全球亚热带地区都有栽培。
用途(Use):果可榨油,供食用,也可制蜜饯。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 15 Page 296
Olea europaea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 8. 1753.
油橄榄 mu xi lan | Oleaceae | Olea
Trees or shrubs to 10 m, evergreen. Branchlets angular, along with petiole and leaf blade densely silvery-gray or rusty lepidote. Petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, rarely narrowly ovate, 1.5-10 × 0.5-2 cm, leathery, glabrous, base cuneate or attenuate, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate and mucronate to cuspidate; primary veins 5-11 on each side of midrib, obscure, somewhat raised adaxially. Panicles axillary or terminal, 2-4 cm. Flowers bisexual or functionally unisexual, subsessile. Calyx 1-1.5 mm. Corolla white, 2.5-4 mm; tube ca. 1 mm; lobes elliptic-oblong, involute, 1.5-3 mm. Drupe ellipsoid or subglobose, 0.7-4 cm. 2n = 46.
Widely cultivated in Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang. Probably originating in the Mediterranean region or SW Asia.
The fruit are used for oil and food.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Olea europaea L.
英文名(English Common Name):olive
别名(Chinese Common Name):木犀榄
异名(Synonym):Olea pallida Salisb.
科属(Family & Genus):木犀科(Oleaceae)木犀榄属
形态特征(Description):常绿小乔木,高可达10米;树皮灰色。枝灰色或灰褐色,近圆柱形,散生圆形皮孔,小枝具棱角,密被银灰色鳞片,节处稍压扁。叶片革质,披针形,有时为长圆状椭圆形或卵形,长1.5-6厘米,宽0.5-1.5厘米,先端锐尖至渐尖,具小凸尖,基部渐窄或楔形,全缘,叶缘反卷,上面深绿色,稍被银灰色鳞片,下面浅绿色,密被银灰色鳞片,两面无毛,中脉在两面凸起或上面微凹入,侧脉不甚明显,5-11对,在上面微凸起;叶柄长2-5毫米,密被银灰色鳞片,两侧下延于茎上成狭棱,上面具浅沟。圆锥花序腋生或顶生,长2-4厘米,较叶为短;花序梗长0.5-1厘米,被银灰色鳞片;苞片披针形或卵形,长0.5-2毫米;花梗短,长0-1毫米;花芳香,白色,两性;花萼杯状,长1-1.5毫米,浅裂或几近截形;花冠长3-4毫米,深裂几达基部,裂片长圆形,长2.5-3毫米,宽约1.5毫米,先端钝或锐尖,边缘内卷;花丝扁平,长约1毫米,花药卵状三角形,长1.8-2毫米;子房球形,无毛,花柱短,长约0.3毫米,柱头头状,2裂。果椭圆形,长1.6-2.5厘米,径1-2厘米,成熟时呈蓝黑色。花期4-5月,果期6-9月。
分布(Distribution):可能原产于小亚细亚,后广植于地中海地区,现全球亚热带地区都有栽培。
用途(Use):果可榨油,供食用,也可制蜜饯。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 15 Page 296
Olea europaea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 8. 1753.
油橄榄 mu xi lan | Oleaceae | Olea
Trees or shrubs to 10 m, evergreen. Branchlets angular, along with petiole and leaf blade densely silvery-gray or rusty lepidote. Petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, rarely narrowly ovate, 1.5-10 × 0.5-2 cm, leathery, glabrous, base cuneate or attenuate, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate and mucronate to cuspidate; primary veins 5-11 on each side of midrib, obscure, somewhat raised adaxially. Panicles axillary or terminal, 2-4 cm. Flowers bisexual or functionally unisexual, subsessile. Calyx 1-1.5 mm. Corolla white, 2.5-4 mm; tube ca. 1 mm; lobes elliptic-oblong, involute, 1.5-3 mm. Drupe ellipsoid or subglobose, 0.7-4 cm. 2n = 46.
Widely cultivated in Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang. Probably originating in the Mediterranean region or SW Asia.
The fruit are used for oil and food.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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