女贞 Ligustrum lucidum

中文名(Chinese Name):女贞
学名(Scientific Name):Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton
英文名(English Common Name):glossy privet
别名(Chinese Common Name):白蜡树
异名(Synonym):Ligustrum lucidum f. latifolium (Cheng) Hsu  Esquirolia sinensis H. Lév.  Ligustrum compactum var. latifolium W. C. Cheng  Ligustrum esquirolii H. Lév.  Ligustrum lucidum var. esquirolii (H. Lév.) H. Lév.  Ligustrum lucidum var. tricolor Rehder  Ligustrum lucidum var. xideense J.L.Liu  Ligustrum magnoliifolium Dippel  Ligustrum lucidum var. alivonii Rehder  Ligustrum lucidum var. aureomarginatum Rehder  Olea clavata G.Don  Phillyrea paniculata Roxb.  Phillyrea terminalis B.Heyne ex Wall.  Visiania paniculata (Roxb.) DC.
科属Family & Genus):木犀科(Oleaceae)女贞属
形态特征(Description):灌木或乔木,高可达25米;树皮灰褐色。枝黄褐色、灰色或紫红色,圆柱形,疏生圆形或长圆形皮孔。叶片常绿,革质,卵形、长卵形或椭圆形至宽椭圆形,长6-17厘米,宽3-8厘米,先端锐尖至渐尖或钝,基部圆形或近圆形,有时宽楔形或渐狭,叶缘平坦,上面光亮,两面无毛,中脉在上面凹入,下面凸起,侧脉4-9对,两面稍凸起或有时不明显;叶柄长1-3厘米,上面具沟,无毛。圆锥花序顶生,长8-20厘米,宽8-25厘米;花序梗长0-3厘米;花序轴及分枝轴无毛,紫色或黄棕色,果时具棱;花序基部苞片常与叶同型,小苞片披针形或线形,长0.5-6厘米,宽0.2-1.5厘米,凋落;花无梗或近无梗,长不超过1毫米;花萼无毛,长1.5-2毫米,齿不明显或近截形;花冠长4-5毫米,花冠管长1.5-3毫米,裂片长2-2.5毫米,反折:花丝长1.5-3毫米,花药长圆形,长1-1.5毫米;花柱长1.5-2毫米,柱头棒状。果肾形或近肾形,长7-10毫米,径4-6毫米,深蓝黑色,成熟时呈红黑色,被白粉;果梗长0-5毫米。花期5-7月,果期7月至翌年5月。
分布(Distribution):产长江以南至华南、西南各省区,向西北分布至陕西、甘肃,生海拔2900米以下疏、密林中。朝鲜也有分布。
用途(Use):种子油可制肥皂;花可提取芳香油;果含淀粉,可供酿酒或制酱油;枝、叶上放养白蜡虫,能生产白蜡,蜡可供工业及医药用;果入药称女贞子,为强壮剂;叶药用,具有解热镇痛的功效;植株并可作丁香、桂花的砧木或行道树。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 15 Page 302
Ligustrum lucidum W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. ed. 2. 1: 19. 1810.
女贞 nu zhen | Oleaceae  | Ligustrum
Esquirolia sinensis H. Léveillé; Ligustrum compactum (Wallich ex G. Don) J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex Brandis var. latifolium W. C. Cheng; L. esquirolii H. Léveillé; L. lucidum var. esquirolii (H. Léveillé) H. Léveillé; L. lucidum f. latifolium (W. C. Cheng) P. S. Hsu.
Shrubs or trees to 25 m, evergreen or deciduous, glabrous. Branchlets terete. Petiole 1-3 cm; leaf blade ovate to sometimes broadly elliptic or elliptic to lanceolate, 6-17 × 3-8 cm, leathery or papery, base rounded or sometimes attenuate, apex acute to acuminate or sometimes obtuse; primary veins 4-11 on each side of midrib, slightly raised or obscure. Panicles terminal, 8-20 × 8-25 cm; rachis angular in fruit. Flowers sessile or nearly so. Calyx 1.5-2 mm. Corolla 4-5 mm; tube ca. as long as lobes. Stamens approaching apex of corolla lobes; anthers 1-1.5 mm. Fruit deep blue-black, ripening red-black, reniform or nearly so, 7-10 × 4-6 mm. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jul-May.
* Woods; below 2900 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
Evergreen plants with (4 or)5 or 6(-9) primary veins on each side of leaf blade midrib have been recognized as f. lucidum, whereas deciduous plants with 7-11 primary veins on each side of leaf blade midrib as f. latifolium (W. C. Cheng) P. S. Hsu.
Grown for culturing wax insects to obtain white wax. The fruit is used as a tonic.
女贞 Ligustrum lucidum

女贞 Ligustrum lucidum

女贞 Ligustrum lucidum

女贞 Ligustrum lucidum

女贞 Ligustrum lucidum(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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