琴叶风吹楠Horsfieldia prainii

中文名Chinese Name):琴叶风吹楠
学名Scientific Name):Horsfieldia prainii (King) Warburg 
英文名English Common Name):
别名Chinese Common Name): 云南风吹楠
异名Synonym):Horsfieldia pandurifolia Hu  Horsfieldia longipedunculata Hu  Endocomia macrocoma subsp. prainii (King) de Wilde  Myristica prainii King
科属Family & Genus):肉豆蔻科(Myristicaceae)风吹楠属
形态特征Description):乔木,高(10-)15-24米,胸径30-45厘米;树皮灰褐色,纵裂;小枝粗壮,无毛。叶坚纸质,倒卵状长圆形至提琴形,长(10-)16-34厘米,宽6-9.5厘米,先端短渐尖至突然细尖,基部楔形至宽楔形,稀为圆形,两面无毛;侧脉(9-)12-22对,弯曲,边缘处几不网结,第三次小脉几不明显;叶柄稍粗壮,长2.2-3厘米,粗2-3毫米。雄花序圆锥状,分枝稀疏,腋生,长12-15厘米,有时可达30厘米,无毛;花序轴紫红色;雄花卵球形蕨长约1.5-2毫米;花梗长约雄花的2倍;花被裂片通常4,较薄,基部下延;雄蕊10枚,合生成球形,微具短柄。雌花未见。果序圆锥状,长10-18厘米,通常着成熟果1-3个;果卵状椭圆形,先端锐尖,基部不偏斜,下延渐狭成0.2-0.3厘米长的短柄,成熟时长3-4.5厘米,直径2-2.5厘米,黄褐色;花被裂片早落;果皮木质状壳质,约厚1.8毫米,外面光滑;假种皮鲜红色,先端微撕裂状;种子卵球形至卵球状椭圆形,长2.5-3.2厘米,宽1.6-1.8厘米,顶端具明显的突尖;种皮厚,硬壳质,灰白色,光滑微亮,具脉纹及淡褐色斑块,基部偏生卵形疤痕。花期5-7月,果期4-6月。
分布Distribution):产于云南南部至西南部,生于海拔500-800米的沟谷密林或山坡密林中。
用途Use):木材略轻柔致密,刨面光滑,可做箱板材,如加防腐处理后亦可作轻建筑的板材;种子含固体油57.39%,可作工业用油。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 7 Page 100
Horsfieldia prainii (King) Warburg, Monogr. Myristic. 292. 1897.
云南风吹楠 yun nan feng chui nan| Myristicaceae  | Horsfieldia
Myristica prainii King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 3: 299. 1891; Endocomia macrocoma (Miquel) W. J. de Wilde subsp. prainii (King) W. J. de Wilde; Horsfieldia longipedunculata Hu; H. pandurifolia Hu.
Trees to 25 m tall; trunk to 50 cm d.b.h.; twigs terete, pubescent, glabrescent, gray or brown, lenticellate or not, glabrous, longitudinally striate, sometimes cracking. Leaves distichous (?always); petioles short or long, (5-)10-30 mm, glabrescent; leaf blade obovate-oblong, rarely ovate-oblong, widest at or above middle, 20-35 × 8-13 cm, papery or leathery, base shortly to long attenuate or cuneate, sometimes rounded, or slightly decurrent on petiole, apex subobtuse to subacute or rounded; nerves 9-20 pairs, average 20 pairs, raised on both surfaces, lateral veins parallel, distinctly interarching; leaf bud 20-25 × ca. 4 mm, ferruginous pubescent. Inflorescences situated just behind leaves, condensed to lax, usually much branched, often purple, 8-30 cm, rusty stellate pubescent or tomentulose, glabrescent. Plants monoecious. Male flowers: pedicel slender, 1.5-2.5 mm; bud ellipsoid or subglobose, 1-2 mm in diam., yellowish or greenish inside, leathery, lobes 3 or 4(or 5), splitting bud to 3/4, diverging; synandrium stipitate, subglobose, ca. 0.5 mm in diam.; anthers 4-6, column ca. 0.5 mm. Female flowers usually a few mixed among male flowers; female bud ovoid-globose, 2.5-3 × 2.5-2.8 mm, split to 3/4; ovary ovoid, ca. 2 mm in diam., glabrous; stigma 2-lobed, each lobe finely lobulate. Fruiting pedicel 5-20 mm. Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid, 3-4.5 × 1.2-2.5 cm; dry pericarp 1-2.5 mm thick. Seeds 2-3.2 cm, apex acute or shortly beaked; testa variegated; aril orange, at apex either almost entirely closed or laciniate 1/5-1/3 deep.
Primary forests, forests in ravines, valleys; 500-1100 m. S Yunnan [India (Andaman Islands), Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand].
In China, this species has been misidentified as Horsfieldia valida (Miquel) Warburg (Myristica valida Miquel). True H. valida is distributed in Indonesia (Sumatra).
琴叶风吹楠Horsfieldia prainii

琴叶风吹楠Horsfieldia prainii

琴叶风吹楠Horsfieldia prainii(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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