桃花心木Swietenia mahagoni

文名(Chinese Name):桃花心木
学名(Scientific Name):Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.
英文名(English Common Name):West Indian mahogany
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Cedrela mahagoni L.  Swietenia acutifolia Stokes  Swietenia fabrilis Salisb.  Swietenia mahagoni var. praecociflora Hemsl.
科属(Family & Genus):楝科(Meliaceae)桃花心木属
形态特征(Description):常绿大乔木,高达25米以上,径可达4米,基部扩大成板根;树皮淡红色,鳞片状;枝条广展,平滑,灰色。叶长35厘米,有小叶4-6对,叶柄细长,基部略膨大,无毛;小叶片革质,斜披针形至斜卵状披针形,长10-16厘米,宽4-6厘米,先端长渐尖,基部明显偏斜,一侧楔形,另一侧近圆形,全缘或有时具1-2个浅波状钝齿,无毛而光亮,叶面深绿色,背面淡绿色,侧脉每边约10条,稍广展。圆锥花序腋生,长6-15厘米,无毛,具柄,有疏离而短的分枝;花具短柄,长约3毫米;萼浅杯状,5裂,裂片短,圆形;花瓣白色,无毛,长3-4毫米,广展;雄蕊管无毛,裂齿短尖;子房圆锥状卵形,比花盘长,每室有胚珠12颗,花柱无毛,较子房为长,柱头盘状,5出,放射状。蒴果大,卵状,木质,直径约8厘米,熟时5瓣裂;种子多数,长18毫米,连翅长7厘米。花期5-6月,果期10-11月。
分布(Distribution):原产南美洲,现各热带地区均有栽培。
用途(Use):本种为世界上著名木料之一,色泽美丽,硬度适宜,易于打磨,且皱缩量少,能抗虫蚀,宜作装饰、家具、舟车等用。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 11 Page 116   
Swietenia mahagoni (Linnaeus) Jacquin, Enum. Syst. Pl. 20. 1760.
桃花心木 tao hua xin mu | Meliaceae  | Swietenia
Cedrela mahagoni Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 940. 1759.
Trees to 25 m tall, to 4 m d.b.h., base buttressed. Bark slightly red, scalelike. Branches gray, expanding, smooth. Leaves alternate, ca. 35 cm; petiole 3-6 mm, thin, glabrous, base slightly swelling; leaflets 8-12; leaflet blades ovate to lanceolate, 10-16 × 4-6 cm, leathery, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, abaxially light green, adaxially dark green, secondary veins 10 on each side of midvein, base oblique, margin entire or with 1 or 2 serrations, apex long acuminate. Thyrses axillary, 6-15 cm, glabrous, with short and lax branchlets. Flowers small. Pedicel ca. 3 mm. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed; lobes short and truncate, apex rounded. Petals greenish white, obovate, 3-4 mm, glabrous. Staminal tube subcylindric, glabrous; anthers 10. Disk annular. Ovary conic to ovoid, longer than disk, with 12 ovules per locule; style longer than ovary, glabrous; stigma disciform. Capsule brown, ovoid, ca. 8 cm in diam., many seeded. Seeds apically winged, ca. 7 cm including wing. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Oct-Nov.
Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native to tropical America].
The identity of the trees cultivated in China needs to be confirmed as some of them may be Swietenia macrophylla King.
The wood, the original mahogany, is used for fine quality cabinetwork.
桃花心木Swietenia mahagoni

桃花心木Swietenia mahagoni(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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