槐Sophora japonica
中文名（Chinese Name）：槐
学名（Scientific Name）：Sophora japonica
英文名（English Common Name）：Japanese pagoda tree
别名（Chinese Common Name）：槐花树、豆槐
异名（Synonym）：Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott Sophora sinensis Forrest Ormosia esquirolii H. Lév.
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科槐属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高达25米；树皮灰褐色，具纵裂纹。当年生枝绿色，无毛。羽状复叶长达25厘米；叶轴初被疏柔毛，旋即脱净；叶柄基部膨大，包裹着芽；托叶形状多变，有时呈卵形，叶状，有时线形或钻状，早落；小叶4-7对，对生或近互生，纸质，卵状披针形或卵状长圆形，长2.5-6厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，先端渐尖，具小尖头，基部宽楔形或近圆形，稍偏斜，下面灰白色，初被疏短柔毛，旋变无毛；小托叶2枚，钻状。圆锥花序顶生，常呈金字塔形，长达30厘米；花梗比花萼短；小苞片2枚，形似小托叶；花萼浅钟状，长约4毫米，萼齿5，近等大，圆形或钝三角形，被灰白色短柔毛，萼管近无毛；花冠白色或淡黄色，旗瓣近圆形，长和宽约11毫米，具短柄，有紫色脉纹，先端微缺，基部浅心形，翼瓣卵状长圆形，长10毫米，宽4毫米，先端浑圆，基部斜戟形，无皱褶，龙骨瓣阔卵状长圆形，与翼瓣等长，宽达6毫米；雄蕊近分离，宿存；子房近无毛。荚果串珠状，长2.5-5厘米或稍长，径约10毫米，种子间缢缩不明显，种子排列较紧密，具肉质果皮，成熟后不开裂，具种子1-6粒；种子卵球形，淡黄绿色，干后黑褐色。花期7-8月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：原产中国，现南北各省区广泛栽培。日本、越南、朝鲜有野生，欧洲、美洲各国均有引种栽培。
用途（Use）：树冠优美，花芳香，是行道树和优良的蜜源植物；花和荚果入药，有清凉收敛、止血降压作用；叶和根皮有清热解毒作用，可治疗疮毒；木材供建筑用。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 86, 92, 93
Sophora japonica Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: 68. 1767.
槐 huai| Fabaceae | Sophora
Anagyris chinensis Sprengel; Macrotropis foetida Candolle; Ormosia esquirolii H. Léveillé; Pongamia chinensis Candolle; Robinia mitis Loureiro (1790), not Linnaeus (1763); Sophora angustifoliola Q. Q. Liu & H. Y. Ye ["angustifiola"]; S. japonica f. columnaris Schwerin; S. japonica f. hybrida Carrière; S. japonica f. oligophylla Franchet; S. japonica f. pendula Loudon; S. japonica var. praecox Schwerin; S. japonica var. pubescens (Tausch) Bosse; S. japonica f. variegata Nichols; S. japonica var. vestita Rehder; S. japonica var. violacea Carrière; S. mairei H. Léveillé (1915), not Pampanini (1910); S. pubescens Tausch; S. sinensis Forrest; S. vaniotii H. Léveillé; Styphnolobium japonicum (Linnaeus) Schott.
Trees, to 25 m. Bark gray-brown, longitudinally striate; branches of current year green, glabrous. Leaves 15-25 cm; stipules ovate to linear, caducous; petiole inflated at base, bud hidden; leaflets 9-15; stipels subulate; blades ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 2.5-6 × 1.5-3 cm, papery, glaucous and sparsely to densely pubescent abaxially, usually becoming glabrate, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate, mucronate. Panicles terminal, to 30 cm; bracteole subulate. Calyx shortly campanulate, 3.5-4.5 mm; teeth 5, obtuse, pubescent. Corolla white or creamy yellow, rarely purple-red; standard broadly ovate, claw short, base cordate, apex retuse; wings ovate-oblong, ca. 10 × 4 mm; keel similar to wings, but broader. Stamens 10, unequal, free, persistent. Ovary glabrescent. Legumes green, moniliform, 2.5-5 × ca. 1 cm, obviously constricted between seeds, indehiscent, fleshy. Seeds 1-6, yellow-green, black-brown when dry, ovoid. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
Cultivated throughout China [native to Japan and Korea; widely cultivated elsewhere].
Many intergrading varieties and horticultural forms exist that are not worthy of recognition at this level. Sophora angustifoliola appears to be merely a narrow-leaved form of this species.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Sophora japonica
英文名（English Common Name）：Japanese pagoda tree
别名（Chinese Common Name）：槐花树、豆槐
异名（Synonym）：Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott Sophora sinensis Forrest Ormosia esquirolii H. Lév.
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科槐属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高达25米；树皮灰褐色，具纵裂纹。当年生枝绿色，无毛。羽状复叶长达25厘米；叶轴初被疏柔毛，旋即脱净；叶柄基部膨大，包裹着芽；托叶形状多变，有时呈卵形，叶状，有时线形或钻状，早落；小叶4-7对，对生或近互生，纸质，卵状披针形或卵状长圆形，长2.5-6厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，先端渐尖，具小尖头，基部宽楔形或近圆形，稍偏斜，下面灰白色，初被疏短柔毛，旋变无毛；小托叶2枚，钻状。圆锥花序顶生，常呈金字塔形，长达30厘米；花梗比花萼短；小苞片2枚，形似小托叶；花萼浅钟状，长约4毫米，萼齿5，近等大，圆形或钝三角形，被灰白色短柔毛，萼管近无毛；花冠白色或淡黄色，旗瓣近圆形，长和宽约11毫米，具短柄，有紫色脉纹，先端微缺，基部浅心形，翼瓣卵状长圆形，长10毫米，宽4毫米，先端浑圆，基部斜戟形，无皱褶，龙骨瓣阔卵状长圆形，与翼瓣等长，宽达6毫米；雄蕊近分离，宿存；子房近无毛。荚果串珠状，长2.5-5厘米或稍长，径约10毫米，种子间缢缩不明显，种子排列较紧密，具肉质果皮，成熟后不开裂，具种子1-6粒；种子卵球形，淡黄绿色，干后黑褐色。花期7-8月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：原产中国，现南北各省区广泛栽培。日本、越南、朝鲜有野生，欧洲、美洲各国均有引种栽培。
用途（Use）：树冠优美，花芳香，是行道树和优良的蜜源植物；花和荚果入药，有清凉收敛、止血降压作用；叶和根皮有清热解毒作用，可治疗疮毒；木材供建筑用。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 86, 92, 93
Sophora japonica Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: 68. 1767.
槐 huai| Fabaceae | Sophora
Anagyris chinensis Sprengel; Macrotropis foetida Candolle; Ormosia esquirolii H. Léveillé; Pongamia chinensis Candolle; Robinia mitis Loureiro (1790), not Linnaeus (1763); Sophora angustifoliola Q. Q. Liu & H. Y. Ye ["angustifiola"]; S. japonica f. columnaris Schwerin; S. japonica f. hybrida Carrière; S. japonica f. oligophylla Franchet; S. japonica f. pendula Loudon; S. japonica var. praecox Schwerin; S. japonica var. pubescens (Tausch) Bosse; S. japonica f. variegata Nichols; S. japonica var. vestita Rehder; S. japonica var. violacea Carrière; S. mairei H. Léveillé (1915), not Pampanini (1910); S. pubescens Tausch; S. sinensis Forrest; S. vaniotii H. Léveillé; Styphnolobium japonicum (Linnaeus) Schott.
Trees, to 25 m. Bark gray-brown, longitudinally striate; branches of current year green, glabrous. Leaves 15-25 cm; stipules ovate to linear, caducous; petiole inflated at base, bud hidden; leaflets 9-15; stipels subulate; blades ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 2.5-6 × 1.5-3 cm, papery, glaucous and sparsely to densely pubescent abaxially, usually becoming glabrate, base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex acuminate, mucronate. Panicles terminal, to 30 cm; bracteole subulate. Calyx shortly campanulate, 3.5-4.5 mm; teeth 5, obtuse, pubescent. Corolla white or creamy yellow, rarely purple-red; standard broadly ovate, claw short, base cordate, apex retuse; wings ovate-oblong, ca. 10 × 4 mm; keel similar to wings, but broader. Stamens 10, unequal, free, persistent. Ovary glabrescent. Legumes green, moniliform, 2.5-5 × ca. 1 cm, obviously constricted between seeds, indehiscent, fleshy. Seeds 1-6, yellow-green, black-brown when dry, ovoid. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
Cultivated throughout China [native to Japan and Korea; widely cultivated elsewhere].
Many intergrading varieties and horticultural forms exist that are not worthy of recognition at this level. Sophora angustifoliola appears to be merely a narrow-leaved form of this species.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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