花榈木Ormosia henryi

中文名(Chinese Name):花榈木
学名(Scientific Name):Ormosia henryi Prain
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):花梨木、红豆树
异名(Synonym):Fedorovia henryi (Prain) Yakovlev  Ormosia mollis Dunn
科属(Family & Genus):蝶形花科,Fabaceae红豆属
形态特征(Description):常绿乔木,高16米,胸径可达40厘米;树皮灰绿色。平滑,有浅裂纹。小枝、叶轴、花序密被茸毛。奇数羽状复叶,长13-32.5(-35)厘米;小叶(1-)2-3对,革质,椭圆形或长圆状椭圆形,长4.3-13.5 (-17)厘米,宽2.3-6.8厘米,先端钝或短尖,基部圆或宽楔形,叶缘微反卷,上面深绿色,光滑无毛,下面及叶柄均密被黄褐色绒毛,侧脉6-11对,与中脉成45°角;小叶柄长3-6毫米。圆锥花序顶生,或总状花序腋生;长11-17厘米,密被淡褐色茸毛;花长2厘米,径2厘米;花梗长7-12毫米;花萼钟形,5齿裂,裂至三分之二处,萼齿三角状卵形,内外均密被褐色绒毛;花冠中央淡绿色,边缘绿色微带淡紫,旗瓣近圆形,基部具胼服体,半圆形,不凹或上部中央微凹,翼瓣倒卵状长圆形,淡紫绿色,长约1.4厘米,宽约1厘米,柄长3毫米,龙骨瓣倒卵状长圆形,长约1.6厘米,宽约7毫米,柄长3.5毫米;雄蕊10,分离,长1.3-2.5厘米,不等长,花丝淡绿色,花药淡灰紫色;子房扁,沿缝线密被淡褐色长毛,其余无毛,胚珠9-10粒,花柱线形,柱头偏斜。荚果扁平,长椭圆形,长5-12厘米,宽1.5-4厘米,顶端有喙,果颈长约5毫米,果瓣革质,厚2-3毫米,紫褐色,无毛,内壁有横隔膜,有种子4-8粒,稀1-2粒;种子椭圆形或卵形,长8-15毫米,种皮鲜红色,有光泽,种脐长约3毫米,位于短轴一端。花期7-8月,果期10-11月。
分布(Distribution):产安徽、浙江、江西、湖南、湖北、广东、四川、贵州、云南。生于海拔100-1300米山坡、溪谷两旁杂木林内。越南、泰国也有。
用途(Use):木材致密质重,纹理美丽,可作轴承及细木家具用材;根、枝、叶入药,能祛风散结,解毒去瘀;又为绿化或防火树种。枝条折断时有臭气,浙南俗称臭桶柴。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 10 Page 74, 81
Ormosia henryi Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 69: 180. 1900.
花榈木 hua lü mu | Fabaceae  | Ormosia
Fedorovia henryi (Prain) Yakovlev; Ormosia mollis Dunn.
Trees evergreen, to 16 m, to 40 cm d.b.h. Bark of stems grayish green, smooth, shallowly striate. Branchlets, rachis, and inflorescence densely appressed tawny tomentose. Leaves im­paripinnate, 13-32.5(-35) cm; leaflets (3-)5-7; petiolule 3-6 mm; blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 4.3-13.5(-17) × 2.3-6.8 cm, leathery, abaxial surface and petiole densely appressed yel­lowish brown tomentose, adaxial surface dark green and gla­brous, base rounded or broadly cuneate, sometimes slightly cor­date, margin slightly repand, apex broadly rounded or acute, blunt or mucronate; lateral veins 6-11 pairs, angled 45° with midvein. Panicles terminal, or racemes axillary, (8-)11-17 cm, densely appressed brownish tomentose. Flowers ca. 2 × 2 cm; pedicel 7-12 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5.5-6 mm; teeth ca. 2/3 length of calyx, triangular-ovate, densely appressed brownish tomentose on both surfaces. Corolla greenish white, darker at center, margin green and slightly purplish; standard suborbicu­lar, apex rounded or retuse, claw thickened; wings purplish green, obovate-oblong, ca. 1.4 × 1 cm, claw ca. 3 mm; keel obovate-oblong, ca. 1.6 × 0.7 cm, claw ca. 3.5 mm. Stamens free, 1.3-2.5 cm, unequal; filaments light green; anthers light grayish purple. Ovary flattened, densely appressed brownish villous along suture, otherwise glabrous; ovules 9 or 10; style filiform; stigma oblique. Legumes compressed, oblong, 5-12 × 1.5-4 cm, apex beaked, stipe ca. 5 mm; valves purplish brown, 2-3 mm thick, leathery, glabrous, internally septate. Seeds (1-)4-8, red-brown to scarlet, ellipsoid or ovoid, 0.8-1.5 cm, glossy; hilum ca. 3 mm. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Oct-Nov.
● Mountain slopes, streamsides in mixed forests; 100-1300 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, SE Yunnan, Zhejiang.
花榈木Ormosia henryi

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