苏木Caesalpinia sappan
中文名（Chinese Name）：苏木
学名（Scientific Name）：Caesalpinia sappan L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：苏方木、苏方
异名（Synonym）：Biancaea sappan (L.)Tod.
科属（Family & Genus）：云实科,Caesalpiniaceae云实属
形态特征（Description）：小乔木，高达6米，具疏刺，除老枝、叶下面和荚果外，多少被细柔毛；枝上的皮孔密而显著。二回羽状复叶长30-45厘米；羽片7-13对，对生，长8-12厘米，小叶10-17对，紧靠，无柄，小叶片纸质，长圆形至长圆状菱形，长1-2厘米，宽5-7毫米，先端微缺，基部歪斜，以斜角着生于羽轴上；侧脉纤细，在两面明显，至边缘附近连结。圆锥花序顶生或腋生，长约与叶相等；苞片大，披针形，早落；花梗长15毫米，被细柔毛；花托浅钟形；萼片5，稍不等，下面一片比其他的大，呈兜状；花瓣黄色，阔倒卵形，长约9毫米，最上面一片基部带粉红色，具柄；雄蕊稍伸出，花丝下部密被柔毛；子房被灰色绒毛，具柄，花柱细长，被毛，柱头截平。荚果木质，稍压扁，近长圆形至长圆状倒卵形，长约7厘米，宽3.5-4厘米，基部稍狭，先端斜向截平，上角有外弯或上翘的硬喙，不开裂，红棕色，有光泽；种子3-4颗，长圆形，稍扁，浅褐色。花期5-10月；果期7月至翌年3月。
分布（Distribution）：我国云南、贵州、四川、广西、广东、福建和台湾省有栽培，云南有野生。印度、缅甸、越南、马来半岛及斯里兰卡也有。
用途（Use）：心材入药，为清血剂，有祛痰、止痛、活血、散风之功效。近年来云南植物研究所从苏木的心材中提取一种苏木素，可用于生物制片的染色，效果不亚于进口的巴西苏木素。本种边材黄色微红，心材赭褐色，纹理斜，结构细，材质坚重，有光泽，干燥后少开裂，为细木 工用材。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 42, 45
Caesalpinia sappan Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 381. 1753.
苏木 su mu | Fabaceae | Caesalpinia
Trees, small, to 6 m tall, ± puberulent except on old branches and legumes. Branches with dense, conspicuous lenticels. Leaves 30-45 cm; pinnae 7-13 pairs, opposite, 8-12 cm; leaflets 10-17 pairs, closely spaced, sessile, oblong to oblong-rhombic, 1-2 cm × 5-7 mm, papery, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy, lateral veins slender, conspicuous on both surfaces, contiguous near margin, base oblique, inserted at oblique angles to rachis of pinnae, apex retuse or rounded. Panicles terminal or axillary, ca. as long as leaves; bracts caducous, lanceolate, large. Pedicels ca. 1.5 cm, puberulent. Receptacle shallowly campanulate. Sepals 5, slightly unequal, lower one larger than others, cucullate. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, ca. 9 mm, uppermost one entire at apex, tinged pink at base, clawed. Stamens slightly exserted; filaments densely pubescent at lower part. Ovary grayish velutinous, stalked, 3-6-ovuled; style slender, hairy; stigma truncate. Legume reddish brown, shiny, slightly compressed, suboblong to oblong-obovoid, ca. 7 × 3.5-4 cm, woody, attenuate to base, apex obliquely truncate, upper margin with a sharp beak. Seeds 3 or 4, light brown, slightly compressed, oblong. Fl. May-Oct, fr. Jul-Mar. 2n = 24.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native origin unknown; Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; Africa, America].
The heartwood contains a red dye and is used medicinally to relieve pain.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Caesalpinia sappan L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：苏方木、苏方
异名（Synonym）：Biancaea sappan (L.)Tod.
科属（Family & Genus）：云实科,Caesalpiniaceae云实属
形态特征（Description）：小乔木，高达6米，具疏刺，除老枝、叶下面和荚果外，多少被细柔毛；枝上的皮孔密而显著。二回羽状复叶长30-45厘米；羽片7-13对，对生，长8-12厘米，小叶10-17对，紧靠，无柄，小叶片纸质，长圆形至长圆状菱形，长1-2厘米，宽5-7毫米，先端微缺，基部歪斜，以斜角着生于羽轴上；侧脉纤细，在两面明显，至边缘附近连结。圆锥花序顶生或腋生，长约与叶相等；苞片大，披针形，早落；花梗长15毫米，被细柔毛；花托浅钟形；萼片5，稍不等，下面一片比其他的大，呈兜状；花瓣黄色，阔倒卵形，长约9毫米，最上面一片基部带粉红色，具柄；雄蕊稍伸出，花丝下部密被柔毛；子房被灰色绒毛，具柄，花柱细长，被毛，柱头截平。荚果木质，稍压扁，近长圆形至长圆状倒卵形，长约7厘米，宽3.5-4厘米，基部稍狭，先端斜向截平，上角有外弯或上翘的硬喙，不开裂，红棕色，有光泽；种子3-4颗，长圆形，稍扁，浅褐色。花期5-10月；果期7月至翌年3月。
分布（Distribution）：我国云南、贵州、四川、广西、广东、福建和台湾省有栽培，云南有野生。印度、缅甸、越南、马来半岛及斯里兰卡也有。
用途（Use）：心材入药，为清血剂，有祛痰、止痛、活血、散风之功效。近年来云南植物研究所从苏木的心材中提取一种苏木素，可用于生物制片的染色，效果不亚于进口的巴西苏木素。本种边材黄色微红，心材赭褐色，纹理斜，结构细，材质坚重，有光泽，干燥后少开裂，为细木 工用材。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 42, 45
Caesalpinia sappan Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 381. 1753.
苏木 su mu | Fabaceae | Caesalpinia
Trees, small, to 6 m tall, ± puberulent except on old branches and legumes. Branches with dense, conspicuous lenticels. Leaves 30-45 cm; pinnae 7-13 pairs, opposite, 8-12 cm; leaflets 10-17 pairs, closely spaced, sessile, oblong to oblong-rhombic, 1-2 cm × 5-7 mm, papery, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy, lateral veins slender, conspicuous on both surfaces, contiguous near margin, base oblique, inserted at oblique angles to rachis of pinnae, apex retuse or rounded. Panicles terminal or axillary, ca. as long as leaves; bracts caducous, lanceolate, large. Pedicels ca. 1.5 cm, puberulent. Receptacle shallowly campanulate. Sepals 5, slightly unequal, lower one larger than others, cucullate. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, ca. 9 mm, uppermost one entire at apex, tinged pink at base, clawed. Stamens slightly exserted; filaments densely pubescent at lower part. Ovary grayish velutinous, stalked, 3-6-ovuled; style slender, hairy; stigma truncate. Legume reddish brown, shiny, slightly compressed, suboblong to oblong-obovoid, ca. 7 × 3.5-4 cm, woody, attenuate to base, apex obliquely truncate, upper margin with a sharp beak. Seeds 3 or 4, light brown, slightly compressed, oblong. Fl. May-Oct, fr. Jul-Mar. 2n = 24.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native origin unknown; Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam; Africa, America].
The heartwood contains a red dye and is used medicinally to relieve pain.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[2]
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