紫矿Butea monosperma
中文名（Chinese Name）：紫矿
学名（Scientific Name）：Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taubert
英文名（English Common Name）：Bengal kino
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Plaso monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze Butea braamania DC. Rudolphia frondosa (Willd.)Poir. Butea frondosa var. lutea (Witt.)Maheshw. Plaso monosperma var. flava Kuntze Plaso monosperma var. rubra Kuntze
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae紫矿属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高10-20米，胸径达30厘米，树皮灰黑色。叶具长约10厘米的粗柄；小叶厚革质，不同形，顶生的宽倒卵形或近圆形，长14-17厘米，宽12-15厘米，先端圆，基部阔楔形，侧生的长卵形或长圆形，长11.5-16厘米，宽8.5-10厘米，两侧不对称，先端钝，基部圆形，两面粗糙，上面无毛，下面沿脉上被短柔毛，侧脉6-7对，与主脉在下面隆起，网脉在下面裸露，网眼明显；小叶柄粗壮，长约8毫米；小托叶钻状，长约1.5毫米。总状或圆锥花序腋生或生于无叶枝的节上，花序轴和花梗密被褐色或黑褐色绒毛，花萼长1-1.2厘米，外面密被紧贴的褐色或黑褐色绒毛，里面密被银灰色或淡棕色柔毛；花冠橘红色，后渐变黄色，比花萼约长3倍，旗瓣长卵形，外弯，长4.5-5厘米；翼瓣狭镰形，长约4厘米，基部具圆耳；龙骨瓣宽镰形，长5-5.5厘米，背部弯拱并合成一脊，基部具圆耳，各部密被银灰色绒毛；雄蕊内藏，花药长圆形；子房密被绒毛。未熟荚果扁长圆形，长12-15厘米，宽3.5-4厘米，被紧贴的银灰色短柔毛，先端钝圆，果颈长12-15毫米；种子宽肾形或肾状圆形，极压扁，高约2.7厘米，宽3.3-3.6厘米，褐红色。花期3-4月。
分布（Distribution）：云南、广西有栽培，生于林中，路旁潮湿处。印度、斯里兰卡、越南至缅甸有分布。
用途（Use）：本种是一经济价值较大的树种，是紫胶虫的主要寄主之一。其生产的紫胶，质地优良，是航空制造业上的重要粘合剂。此外，从树皮中的流出的红色液汁，干后变成赤胶，医药上用作收敛剂；花可作红色或黄色染料；种子可用于杀虫。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 197, 222
Butea monosperma (Lamarck) Taubert in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 366. 1894.
紫矿 zi kuang | Fabaceae | Butea
Erythrina monosperma Lamarck, Encycl. 2: 391. 1786; Butea frondosa Roxburgh ex Willdenow, nom. illeg. superfl.
Trees, 10-20 m tall. Trunk to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark grayish black. Petiole ca. 10 cm, robust; stipels subulate, ca. 1.5 mm; petiolules robust, ca. 8 mm; leaflets unequal, thickly leathery, rough on both surfaces, puberulent along veins abaxially, glabrous adaxially, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, like midrib raised abaxially, reticulate veins distinct and with conspicuous areoles abaxially; terminal leaflet broadly obovate or suborbicular, 14-17 × 12-15 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex rounded or emarginate; lateral leaflets narrowly ovate or oblong, 11.5-16 × 8.5-10 cm, asymmetric, base rounded, apex obtuse or emarginate. Racemes or panicles axillary or at nodes of leafless branches; rachis, pedicels, and calyx outside densely brown or blackish brown velutinous. Calyx 1-1.2 cm, densely silvery gray on both surfaces or light brown pubescent inside. Corolla orange-red, becoming yellow later, ca. 3 × as long as calyx; standard narrowly ovate, recurved, 4-4.5 cm; wings narrowly falcate, ca. 4 cm, like keel with rounded auricles at base; keel broadly falcate, 5-5.5 cm, connate into an arcuate ridge, densely silvery gray velutinous. Anthers oblong. Ovary densely velutinous. Legumes 12-15 × 3.5-4 cm, adpressed silvery gray puberulent, apex rounded; stipe 12-15 mm. Seed reddish brown, broadly reniform or reniform-orbicular, compressed, ca. 2.7 × 3.3-3.6 cm. Fl. Mar-Apr.
Forests, wet places, near roads, also cultivated. SW Guangxi (Ningming), S and SW Yunnan (Gengma, Xishuangbanna) [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species is one of the main host plants of lac insects. The red resin from the bark is used medicinally as an astringent.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taubert
英文名（English Common Name）：Bengal kino
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Plaso monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze Butea braamania DC. Rudolphia frondosa (Willd.)Poir. Butea frondosa var. lutea (Witt.)Maheshw. Plaso monosperma var. flava Kuntze Plaso monosperma var. rubra Kuntze
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae紫矿属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高10-20米，胸径达30厘米，树皮灰黑色。叶具长约10厘米的粗柄；小叶厚革质，不同形，顶生的宽倒卵形或近圆形，长14-17厘米，宽12-15厘米，先端圆，基部阔楔形，侧生的长卵形或长圆形，长11.5-16厘米，宽8.5-10厘米，两侧不对称，先端钝，基部圆形，两面粗糙，上面无毛，下面沿脉上被短柔毛，侧脉6-7对，与主脉在下面隆起，网脉在下面裸露，网眼明显；小叶柄粗壮，长约8毫米；小托叶钻状，长约1.5毫米。总状或圆锥花序腋生或生于无叶枝的节上，花序轴和花梗密被褐色或黑褐色绒毛，花萼长1-1.2厘米，外面密被紧贴的褐色或黑褐色绒毛，里面密被银灰色或淡棕色柔毛；花冠橘红色，后渐变黄色，比花萼约长3倍，旗瓣长卵形，外弯，长4.5-5厘米；翼瓣狭镰形，长约4厘米，基部具圆耳；龙骨瓣宽镰形，长5-5.5厘米，背部弯拱并合成一脊，基部具圆耳，各部密被银灰色绒毛；雄蕊内藏，花药长圆形；子房密被绒毛。未熟荚果扁长圆形，长12-15厘米，宽3.5-4厘米，被紧贴的银灰色短柔毛，先端钝圆，果颈长12-15毫米；种子宽肾形或肾状圆形，极压扁，高约2.7厘米，宽3.3-3.6厘米，褐红色。花期3-4月。
分布（Distribution）：云南、广西有栽培，生于林中，路旁潮湿处。印度、斯里兰卡、越南至缅甸有分布。
用途（Use）：本种是一经济价值较大的树种，是紫胶虫的主要寄主之一。其生产的紫胶，质地优良，是航空制造业上的重要粘合剂。此外，从树皮中的流出的红色液汁，干后变成赤胶，医药上用作收敛剂；花可作红色或黄色染料；种子可用于杀虫。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 197, 222
Butea monosperma (Lamarck) Taubert in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(3): 366. 1894.
紫矿 zi kuang | Fabaceae | Butea
Erythrina monosperma Lamarck, Encycl. 2: 391. 1786; Butea frondosa Roxburgh ex Willdenow, nom. illeg. superfl.
Trees, 10-20 m tall. Trunk to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark grayish black. Petiole ca. 10 cm, robust; stipels subulate, ca. 1.5 mm; petiolules robust, ca. 8 mm; leaflets unequal, thickly leathery, rough on both surfaces, puberulent along veins abaxially, glabrous adaxially, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, like midrib raised abaxially, reticulate veins distinct and with conspicuous areoles abaxially; terminal leaflet broadly obovate or suborbicular, 14-17 × 12-15 cm, base broadly cuneate, apex rounded or emarginate; lateral leaflets narrowly ovate or oblong, 11.5-16 × 8.5-10 cm, asymmetric, base rounded, apex obtuse or emarginate. Racemes or panicles axillary or at nodes of leafless branches; rachis, pedicels, and calyx outside densely brown or blackish brown velutinous. Calyx 1-1.2 cm, densely silvery gray on both surfaces or light brown pubescent inside. Corolla orange-red, becoming yellow later, ca. 3 × as long as calyx; standard narrowly ovate, recurved, 4-4.5 cm; wings narrowly falcate, ca. 4 cm, like keel with rounded auricles at base; keel broadly falcate, 5-5.5 cm, connate into an arcuate ridge, densely silvery gray velutinous. Anthers oblong. Ovary densely velutinous. Legumes 12-15 × 3.5-4 cm, adpressed silvery gray puberulent, apex rounded; stipe 12-15 mm. Seed reddish brown, broadly reniform or reniform-orbicular, compressed, ca. 2.7 × 3.3-3.6 cm. Fl. Mar-Apr.
Forests, wet places, near roads, also cultivated. SW Guangxi (Ningming), S and SW Yunnan (Gengma, Xishuangbanna) [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species is one of the main host plants of lac insects. The red resin from the bark is used medicinally as an astringent.
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