海南大风子Hydnocarpus hainanensis
中文名（Chinese Name）：海南大风子
学名（Scientific Name）：Hydnocarpus hainanensis (Merr.) Sleum.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：龙角、高根
异名（Synonym）：Taraktogenos hainanensis Merr.
科属（Family & Genus）：大风子科（Flacourtiaceae）大风子属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高6-9米；树皮灰褐色；小枝圆柱形，无毛。叶薄革质，长圆形，长9-13厘米，宽3-5厘米，先端短渐尖，有钝头，基部楔形，边缘有不规则浅波状锯齿，两面无毛，近同色，侧脉7-8对，网脉明显；叶柄长约1.5厘米，无毛。花15-20朵，呈总状花序（雄花排列较密集），长1.5-2.5厘米，腋生或顶生；花序梗短；花梗长8-15毫米，无毛；萼片4，椭圆形，直径约4毫米，无毛；花瓣4，肾状卵形，长2-2.5毫米，宽3-3.5毫米，边缘有睫毛，内面基部有肥厚鳞片，鳞片不规则4-6齿裂，被长柔毛；雄花：雄蕊约12枚，花丝基部粗壮，有疏短毛，花药长圆形，长1.5-2毫米；雌花：退化雄蕊约15枚；子房卵状椭圆形，密生黄棕色绒毛，1室，侧膜胎座5，胚珠多数，花柱缺，柱头3裂，裂片三角形，顶端2浅裂。浆果球形，直径4-5厘米，密生棕褐色茸毛，果皮革质，果梗粗壮，长6-7毫米；种子约20粒，长约1.5厘米。花期春末至夏季，果期夏季至秋季。
分布（Distribution）：产海南、广西。生于常绿阔叶林中。越南也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 113, 114, 115
Hydnocarpus hainanensis (Merrill) Sleumer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69: 15. 1938.
海南大风子 hai nan da feng zi | Flacourtiaceae | Hydnocarpus
Taraktogenos hainanensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 255. 1923.
Trees, evergreen, 6-12 m tall; bark gray-brown; branchlets terete, glabrous. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, glabrous or initially sparsely appressed-pubescent, glabrescent; leaf blade usually oblong, less often elliptic, narrowly ovate, or slightly obovate, 9-18 × 3-6 cm, 2-3 × as long as wide, thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs, reticulate veins conspicuous, base acute to obtuse or rounded, cuneate, margin irregularly repand, serrulate or serrate, teeth sometimes sharply acute, leaf apex acute to obtuse, usually gradually or abruptly acuminate, acumen to ca. 2 cm. Inflorescence axillary or subterminal, 1.5-2.5 cm; flowers unisexual, 15-20 in much condensed (especially staminate flowers) shortly pedunculate cymes. Pedicels 8-15 mm, initially with sparse, short, appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Sepals 4, free, elliptic or orbicular, 5-6 × ca. 4 mm, both sides glabrous or outside sparsely appressed-hairy. Petals 4, free, reniform-ovate, 2-3 × 3-4 mm, both sides (excl. scale) glabrous, margin ciliate; scale ca. 1/2 as long as petal, irregularly 4-6-dentate, villous. Staminate flowers: stamens ca. 12; filaments ca. 1.5 mm, stout at base, sparsely hairy, hairs rather long, drying white; anthers sagittate, 1.5-2.5 mm; reduced ovary absent. Pistillate flowers: staminodes ca. 15, stamenlike but with anthers reduced, indumentum as for fertile stamens; ovary ovoid-ellipsoid, very densely yellowish brown pubescent, hairs closely appressed; placentas 5; ovules many; styles absent; stigmas 3 or 4, joined at base, flattened-deltoid, ca. 5 mm, bifid with each branch apex irregularly toothed or lobed, abaxially densely hairy at base, hairs as for ovary, adaxially glabrous. Berry globose, 4-5 cm in diam., densely pale to dark brown or yellowish tomentose, sometimes yellowish; pericarp leathery, exocarp not fibrous, stalk 6-7 mm, stout. Seeds ca. 20, ovoid, ca. 2.5 × 1.5-2 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 300-1800 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Yunnan [Vietnam].
E (in Fu & Jin, China Pl. Red Data Book 1: 306-307. 1992) gave the conservation status of this species as vulnerable. The 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (www.iucnredlist.org, at 19 January 2007) also gave the status as vulnerable (VU A1cd). In China the species is under threat from habitat loss and harvesting of the timber (hard, heavy, compact, durable, and decay-resistant) and the fruit (the seeds have a relatively high component of chaulmoogric oil, locally important for the treatment of skin conditions). Natural regeneration is poor.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Hydnocarpus hainanensis (Merr.) Sleum.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：龙角、高根
异名（Synonym）：Taraktogenos hainanensis Merr.
科属（Family & Genus）：大风子科（Flacourtiaceae）大风子属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高6-9米；树皮灰褐色；小枝圆柱形，无毛。叶薄革质，长圆形，长9-13厘米，宽3-5厘米，先端短渐尖，有钝头，基部楔形，边缘有不规则浅波状锯齿，两面无毛，近同色，侧脉7-8对，网脉明显；叶柄长约1.5厘米，无毛。花15-20朵，呈总状花序（雄花排列较密集），长1.5-2.5厘米，腋生或顶生；花序梗短；花梗长8-15毫米，无毛；萼片4，椭圆形，直径约4毫米，无毛；花瓣4，肾状卵形，长2-2.5毫米，宽3-3.5毫米，边缘有睫毛，内面基部有肥厚鳞片，鳞片不规则4-6齿裂，被长柔毛；雄花：雄蕊约12枚，花丝基部粗壮，有疏短毛，花药长圆形，长1.5-2毫米；雌花：退化雄蕊约15枚；子房卵状椭圆形，密生黄棕色绒毛，1室，侧膜胎座5，胚珠多数，花柱缺，柱头3裂，裂片三角形，顶端2浅裂。浆果球形，直径4-5厘米，密生棕褐色茸毛，果皮革质，果梗粗壮，长6-7毫米；种子约20粒，长约1.5厘米。花期春末至夏季，果期夏季至秋季。
分布（Distribution）：产海南、广西。生于常绿阔叶林中。越南也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 113, 114, 115
Hydnocarpus hainanensis (Merrill) Sleumer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69: 15. 1938.
海南大风子 hai nan da feng zi | Flacourtiaceae | Hydnocarpus
Taraktogenos hainanensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 255. 1923.
Trees, evergreen, 6-12 m tall; bark gray-brown; branchlets terete, glabrous. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, glabrous or initially sparsely appressed-pubescent, glabrescent; leaf blade usually oblong, less often elliptic, narrowly ovate, or slightly obovate, 9-18 × 3-6 cm, 2-3 × as long as wide, thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs, reticulate veins conspicuous, base acute to obtuse or rounded, cuneate, margin irregularly repand, serrulate or serrate, teeth sometimes sharply acute, leaf apex acute to obtuse, usually gradually or abruptly acuminate, acumen to ca. 2 cm. Inflorescence axillary or subterminal, 1.5-2.5 cm; flowers unisexual, 15-20 in much condensed (especially staminate flowers) shortly pedunculate cymes. Pedicels 8-15 mm, initially with sparse, short, appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Sepals 4, free, elliptic or orbicular, 5-6 × ca. 4 mm, both sides glabrous or outside sparsely appressed-hairy. Petals 4, free, reniform-ovate, 2-3 × 3-4 mm, both sides (excl. scale) glabrous, margin ciliate; scale ca. 1/2 as long as petal, irregularly 4-6-dentate, villous. Staminate flowers: stamens ca. 12; filaments ca. 1.5 mm, stout at base, sparsely hairy, hairs rather long, drying white; anthers sagittate, 1.5-2.5 mm; reduced ovary absent. Pistillate flowers: staminodes ca. 15, stamenlike but with anthers reduced, indumentum as for fertile stamens; ovary ovoid-ellipsoid, very densely yellowish brown pubescent, hairs closely appressed; placentas 5; ovules many; styles absent; stigmas 3 or 4, joined at base, flattened-deltoid, ca. 5 mm, bifid with each branch apex irregularly toothed or lobed, abaxially densely hairy at base, hairs as for ovary, adaxially glabrous. Berry globose, 4-5 cm in diam., densely pale to dark brown or yellowish tomentose, sometimes yellowish; pericarp leathery, exocarp not fibrous, stalk 6-7 mm, stout. Seeds ca. 20, ovoid, ca. 2.5 × 1.5-2 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 300-1800 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Yunnan [Vietnam].
E (in Fu & Jin, China Pl. Red Data Book 1: 306-307. 1992) gave the conservation status of this species as vulnerable. The 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (www.iucnredlist.org, at 19 January 2007) also gave the status as vulnerable (VU A1cd). In China the species is under threat from habitat loss and harvesting of the timber (hard, heavy, compact, durable, and decay-resistant) and the fruit (the seeds have a relatively high component of chaulmoogric oil, locally important for the treatment of skin conditions). Natural regeneration is poor.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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