大白杜鹃Rhododendron decorum

中文名(Chinese Name):大白杜鹃
学名(Scientific Name):Rhododendron decorum Franch.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):大白花杜鹃
异名(Synonym):Rhododendron albicaule H. Lév.  Rhododendron giraudiasii H. Lév.  Rhododendron franchetianum H. Lév.  Rhododendron spooneri Hemsl. et E. H. Wilson
科属Family & Genus):杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)杜鹃属
形态特征Description):常绿灌木或小乔木,高1-3米,稀达6-7米;树皮灰褐色或灰白色;幼枝绿色,无毛,老枝褐色。冬芽顶生,卵圆形,长9-10毫米,无毛。叶厚革质,长圆形、长圆状卵形至长圆状倒卵形,长5-14.5厘米,宽3-5.7厘米,先端钝或圆,基部楔形或钝,稀近于圆形,无毛,边缘反卷,上面暗绿色,下面白绿色,中脉在上面稍凹下,黄绿色,下面凸出,侧脉约18对,在上面微凹入,下面稍凸起;叶柄圆柱形,长1.7-2.3厘米,黄绿色,无毛。顶生总状伞房花序,有花8-10朵,有香味;总轴长2-2.5厘米,淡红绿色,有稀疏的白色腺体;花梗粗壮,长2.5-3.5厘米,淡绿带紫红色,具白色有柄腺体;花萼小,浅碟形,长1.5-2.3毫米,裂齿5,不整齐;花冠宽漏斗状钟形,变化大,长3-5厘米,直径5-7厘米,淡红色或白色,内面基部有白色微柔毛,外面有稀少的白色腺体,裂片7-8,近于圆形,长约2厘米,宽2.4厘米,顶端有缺刻;雄蕊13-16(-17),不等长,长2-3厘米,花丝基部有白色微柔毛,花药长圆形,白色至浅褐色,长约3毫米;子房长圆柱形,淡绿色,长约6毫米,密被白色有柄腺体,花柱淡白绿色,长3.4-4厘米,通体有白色短柄腺体,柱头大,头状,黄绿色,宽约5毫米。蒴果长圆柱形,长2.5-4厘米,微弯曲,直径1-1.5厘米,黄绿色至褐色,肋纹明显,有腺体残迹。花期4-6月,果期9-10月。
分布(Distribution):产四川、贵州、云南和西藏。生于海拔1000-4000米的灌丛中或森林下。缅甸东北部也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 14 Page 332
Rhododendron decorum Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 33: 230. 1886.
大白杜鹃 da bai du juan | Apiaceae  | Rhododendron
Shrubs or small trees, 1–6 m tall; young shoots greenish, glabrous. Petiole 12–40 mm, glabrous; leaf blade thickly leathery, oblong, oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, 5–19(–30) × 3–11 cm; base cordate or cuneate to nearly rounded; apex obtuse, rounded, apiculate; both surfaces glabrous when mature; abaxial surface pale green; adaxial surface deep green, midrib prominent abaxially, grooved adaxially; lateral veins 18-paired. Inflorescence 8–10-flowered; rachis 20–25 mm, sparsely glandular. Pedicel stout, 2.5–4 cm, glandular-hairy; calyx lobes 5, 1.5–2.5 mm, glandular-hairy; corolla funnel-campanulate, fragrant, white to pale pink, 3–10 × 5–9 cm, outer surface sparsely glandular, inner surface puberulent at base; lobes 6–8, suborbicular, ca. 2 × 2.4 cm, emarginate or entire; stamens 13–16, unequal, 2–3 cm, filaments pubescent at base; ovary cylindric, ca. 6 mm, densely glandular-hairy; style 3.4–4 cm, with similar glands to tip; stigma 2–5(–6.5) mm in diam. Capsule oblong, usually slightly curved, 25–40 × 10–15 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.
Forests, thickets; 1000–3300 m. W Guizhou, SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [Myanmar].
大白杜鹃Rhododendron decorum

大白杜鹃Rhododendron decorum

大白杜鹃Rhododendron decorum

大白杜鹃Rhododendron decorum(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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