毛梾Cornus walteri

中文名(Chinese Name):毛梾
学名(Scientific Name):Cornus walteri  Wangerin
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):小六谷、车梁木
异名Synonym):Swida walteri (Wanger.) Soják  Cornus henryi Hemsl. ex Wangerin  Swida walteri var. insignis (W. P. Fang et W. K. Hu) W. P. Fang et W. K. Hu  Swida walteri var. confertiflora (W. P. Fang et W. K. Hu) W. P. Fang et W. K. Hu  Cornus walteri var. confertiflora W. P. Fang et W. K. Hu  Cornus walteri var. insignis W. P. Fang et W. K. Hu  Cornus yunnanensis H. L. Li  Thelycrania coreana (Wangerin) Pojark.
科属(Family & Genus):山茱萸科(Cornaceae)山茱萸属
形态特征(Description):落叶乔木,高6-15米;树皮厚,黑褐色,纵裂而又横裂成块状;幼枝对生,绿色,略有稜角,密被贴生灰白色短柔毛,老后黄绿色,无毛。冬芽腋生,扁圆锥形,长约1.5毫米,被灰白色短柔毛。叶对生,纸质,椭圆形、长圆椭圆形或阔卵形,长4-12(-15.5)厘米,宽1.7-5.3 (-8)厘米,先端渐尖,基部楔形,有时稍不对称,上面深绿色,稀被贴生短柔毛,下面淡绿色,密被灰白色贴生短柔毛,中脉在上面明显,下面凸出,侧脉4(-5)对,弓形内弯,在上面稍明显,下面凸起;叶柄长(0.8-)3.5厘米,幼时被有短柔毛,后渐无毛,上面平 坦,下面圆形。伞房状聚伞花序顶生,花密,宽7-9厘米,被灰白色短柔毛;总花梗长1.2-2厘米;花白色,有香味,直径9.5毫米;花萼裂片4,绿色,齿状三角形,长约0.4毫米,与花盘近于等长,外侧被有黄白色短柔毛;花瓣4,长圆披针形,长4.5-5毫米,宽1.2-1.5毫米,上面无毛,下面有贴生短柔毛;雄蕊4,无毛,长4.8-5毫米,花丝线形,微扁,长4毫米,花药淡黄色,长圆卵形,2室,长1.5-2毫米,丁字形着生;花盘明显,垫状或腺体状,无毛;花柱棍棒形,长3.5毫米,被有稀疏的贴生短柔毛,柱头小,头状,子房下位,花托倒卵形,长1.2-1.5毫米,直径1-1.1毫米,密被灰白色贴生短柔毛;花梗细圆柱形,长0.8-2.7毫米,有稀疏短柔毛。核果球形,直径6-7(-8)毫米,成熟时黑色,近于无毛;核骨质,扁圆球形,直径5毫米,高4毫米,有不明显的肋纹。花期5月;果期9月。
分布(Distribution):产辽宁、河北、山西以及华东、华中、华南及西南各省区,生于海拔300-3300米的杂木林或密林下。
用途(Use):本种是木本油料植物,果实含油可达27-38%,供食用或作高级润滑油,油渣可作饲料和肥料;木材坚硬,纹理细密、美观,可作家具、车辆、农具等用;叶和树皮可提制拷胶,又可作为“四旁”绿化和水土保持树种。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 14 Page 214
Cornus walteri Wangerin, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 99. 1908.
毛梾 mao lai | Cornaceae  | Cornus
Cornus henryi Hemsley ex Wangerin; C. walteri var. confertiflora W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu; C. walteri var. insignis W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu; C. yunnanensis H. L. Li; Swida walteri (Wangerin) Soják; S. walteri var. confertiflora (W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu) W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu; S. walteri var. insignis (W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu) W. P. Fang & W. K. Hu.
Trees 6–15 m tall. Bark dark gray, rectangularly splitting. Young branches green, ± 4-angled, densely pubescent with grayish white short trichomes; old branches yellow-green, glabrous. Leaves opposite; petiole (0.8–)3.5 cm; leaf blade light green abaxially, narrowly elliptic to broadly ovate, 4–12(–15) × 1.7–5.5(–8) cm, papery, abaxially with grayish white short appressed trichomes, scabrous, veins 4(or 5), small veins inconspicuously reticulate, base cuneate, rarely rounded or cordate, often oblique, apex shortly to long acuminate. Corymbose cymes dense, 7–9 cm wide, with short white trichomes. Pedicels 0.8–2.7 mm. Flowers fragrant, white, ca. 9.5 mm in diam. Calyx lobes triangular, ca. 0.4 mm, equal to disk. Petals oblong-lanceolate, 4.5–6 × 1.2–1.5 mm. Stamens 4.8–5 mm, equal to or longer than petals; anthers light yellow, rarely rosy red, oblong-ovoid. Style clavate, ca. 3.5 mm; stigma capitate, not broader than style. Fruit black, globose, 6–7(–8) mm in diam.; stones compressed globose, ca. 5 × 4 mm, inconspicuously ribbed. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct.
Mixed sparse to dense forests; 300–2500(–3000) m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
The fruit is a source of oil, the hard wood is used for making tools, and the tree itself is planted as a street tree.
毛梾Cornus walteri

毛梾Cornus walteri

毛梾Cornus walteri

(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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