山茱萸Cornus officinalis

中文名(Chinese Name):山茱萸
学名(Scientific Name):Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc.
英文名(English Common Name):Asiatic dogwood
别名(Chinese Common Name):山萸
异名(Synonym): Macrocarpium officinale (Siebold et Zucc.) Nakai  Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam.
科属(Family & Genus):山茱萸科(Cornaceae)山茱萸属
形态特征(Description):落叶乔木或灌木,高4-10米;树皮灰褐色;小枝细圆柱形,无毛或稀被贴生短柔毛冬芽顶生及腋生,卵形至披针形,被黄褐色短柔毛。叶对生,纸质,卵状披针形或卵状椭圆 形,长5.5-10厘米,宽2.5-4.5厘米,先端渐尖,基部宽楔形或近于圆形,全缘,上面绿色,无毛,下面浅绿色,稀被白色贴生短柔毛,脉腋密生淡褐色丛毛,中脉在上面明显,下面凸起,近于无毛,侧脉6-7对,弓形内弯;叶柄细圆柱形,长0.6-1.2厘米,上面有浅沟,下面圆形,稍被贴生疏柔毛。伞形花序生于枝侧,有总苞片4,卵形,厚纸质至革质,长约8毫米,带紫色,两侧略被短柔毛,开花后脱落;总花梗粗壮,长约2毫米,微被灰色短柔毛; 花小,两性,先叶开放;花萼裂片4,阔三角形,与花盘等长或稍长,长约0.6毫米,无毛;花瓣4,舌状披针形,长3.3毫米,黄色,向外反卷;雄蕊4,与花瓣互生,长1.8毫米,花丝钻形,花药椭圆形,2室;花盘垫状,无毛;子房下位,花托倒卵形,长约1毫米,密被贴生疏柔毛,花柱圆柱形,长1.5毫米,柱头截形;花梗纤细,长0.5-1厘米,密被疏柔毛。核果长椭圆形,长1.2-1.7厘米,直径5-7毫米,红色至紫红色;核骨质,狭椭圆形,长约12毫米,有几条不整齐的肋纹。花期3-4月;果期9-10月。
分布(Distribution):产山西、陕西、甘肃、浙江、山东、江苏、安徽、江西、河南及湖南等省区,生于海拔400-1500米的林缘或森林中。朝鲜及日本也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 14 Page 215
Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 100. 1835.
山茱萸 shan zhu yu | Cornaceae  | Cornus
Macrocarpium officinale (Siebold & Zuccarini) Nakai.
Trees or shrubs, 4–10 m tall; axis sympodial. Bark grayish brown; winter leaf buds terminal or axillary, solitary or associated with flower buds; flower buds terminal, pubescent with yellowish brown short trichomes. Leaf blade abaxially light green, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, 5.5–10 × 2.5–4.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent with short appressed trichomes, axils of lateral veins with dense light brown long soft trichomes, veins 6 or 7. Umbellate inflorescences terminal; bracts ovate, 5–8 mm, papery to leathery, pubescent; peduncle ca. 2 mm, thick, pubescent. Pedicels 0.5–1 cm, slender, densely pubescent with soft trichomes. Calyx teeth broadly triangular, ca. 0.6 mm. Petals reflexed, ligulate-lanceolate, 2.5–3.3 × 1–1.3 mm. Stamens ca. 1.8 mm; anthers ellipsoid. Ovary obovoid, ca. 1 mm, densely pubescent; style ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit red or purplish red, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.2–1.8 × 0.5–0.7 cm; stones narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 1.2 cm, with a few unequal ribs. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct.
Forests, forest margins, mountain slopes; 400–1500(–2100) m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
The fruit, called “zhu yu” or “zao pi” in Chinese medicine, is prescribed as an astringent tonic for impotence, spermatorrhea, lumbago, vertigo, and night sweats.
山茱萸Cornus officinalis

山茱萸Cornus officinalis

山茱萸Cornus officinalis(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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