中文名（Chinese Name）：铁冬青
学名（Scientific Name）：Ilex rotunda Thunb.
英文名（English Common Name）：Kurogane holly
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Ilex microcarpa Lindl. ex Paxton；Ilex rotunda var. piligera Loes.；Ilex sasakii Yamam.；Ilex unicanaliculata C. J. Tseng；Ilex koshunensis Yamam.；Ilex rotunda var. microcarpa (Lindl. ex Paxton) S. Y. Hu；Ilex kosunensis Yamam.；Ilex rotunda var. sinensis Masam. 
科属（Family & Genus）：冬青科（Aquifoliaceae）冬青属
形态特征（Description）：常绿灌木或乔木，高可达20米，胸径达1米；树皮灰色至灰黑色。小枝圆柱形，挺直，较老枝具纵裂缝，叶痕倒卵形或三角形，稍隆起，皮孔不明显，当年生幼枝具纵棱，无毛，稀被微柔毛；顶芽圆锥形，小。叶仅见于当年生枝上，叶片薄革质或纸质，卵形、倒卵形或椭圆形，长4-9厘米，宽1.8-4厘米，先端短渐尖，基部楔形或钝，全缘，稍反卷，叶面绿色，背面淡绿色，两面无毛，主脉在叶面凹陷，背面隆起，侧脉6-9对，在两面明显，于近叶缘附近网结，网状脉不明显；叶柄长8-18毫米，无毛，稀多少被微柔毛，上面具狭沟，顶端具叶片下延的狭翅；托叶钻状线形，长1-1.5毫米，早落。聚伞花序或伞形状花序具（2-）4-6-13花，单生于当年生枝的叶腋内。雄花序：总花梗长3-11毫米，无毛，花梗长3-5毫米，无毛或被微柔毛，基部卵状三角形，小苞片1-2枚或无；花白色，4基数；花萼盘状，直径约2毫米，被微柔毛， 4浅裂，裂片阔卵状三角形，长约0.3毫米，无毛，亦无缘毛；花冠辐状，直径约5毫米，花瓣长圆形，长2.5毫米，宽约1.5毫米，开放时反折，基部稍合生；雄蕊长于花瓣，花药卵状椭圆形，纵裂；退化子房垫状，中央具长约1毫米的喙，喙顶端具5或6细裂片。雌花序：具3-7花，总花梗长约5-13毫米，无毛，花梗长（3-）4-8毫米，无毛或被微柔毛。花白色，5（-7）基数；花萼浅杯状，直径约2毫米，无毛，5浅裂，裂片三角形，啮齿状；花冠辐状，直径约4毫米，花瓣倒卵状长圆形，长约2毫米，基部稍合生；退化雄蕊长约为花瓣的1/2，败育花药卵形；子房卵形，长约1.5毫米，柱头头状。果近球形或稀椭圆形，直径4-6毫米，成熟时红色，宿存花萼平展，直径约3毫米，浅裂片三角形，无缘毛，宿存柱头厚盘状，凸起，5-6浅裂；分核5-7,椭圆形，长约5毫米，背部宽约2.5毫米，背面具3纵棱及2沟，稀2棱单沟，两侧面平滑，内果皮近木质。花期4月，果期8-12月。
分布（Distribution）：产华东、华中、华南及西南，生于海拔400-1100米的山坡常绿阔叶林中和林缘。分布于朝鲜、日本及越南北部。
用途（Use）：本种叶和树皮入药，凉血散血，有清热利湿、消炎解毒，消肿镇痛之功效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 360, 381
Ilex rotunda Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14. 168. 1784.
铁冬青 tie dong qing  | Aquifoliaceae  | Ilex
Ilex koshunensis Yamamoto; I. microcarpa Lindley & Paxton; I. rotunda var. microcarpa (Lindley & Paxton) S. Y. Hu; ?I. rotunda var. sinensis Masamune; I. sasakii Yamamoto; I. unicanaliculata C. J. Tseng.
Shrubs or trees, evergreen, to 20 m tall; trunk to 1 m d.b.h.; bark gray to gray-black. Young branchlets longitudinally angular, glabrous, rarely puberulent; older branchlets terete, straight, rough, longitudinally fissured, with slightly raised obovate or deltoid leaf scars, lenticels inconspicuous; terminal buds conical, small. Stipules subulate-lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm, caducous; petiole 8-18 mm, glabrous, rarely slightly puberulent, narrowly sulcate adaxially; leaf blade ovate, obovate, or elliptic, 4-9 × 1.8-4 cm, thinly leathery or papery, both surfaces glabrous, midvein impressed adaxially, lateral veins 6-9 pairs, evident on both surfaces, anastomosing near margin, reticulate veins obscure, base obtuse or cuneate, margin entire, slightly recurved, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescences: cymes of order (2 or)3 or 4, (2-)4-13-flowered, umbelliform, solitary, axillary on current year’s branchlets. Male inflorescences: peduncles 3-11 mm, glabrous; pedicels 3-5 mm, glabrous or puberulent; bracteoles 1 or 2, or absent, basal, ovate-deltoid; flowers white, 4-merous; calyx patelliform, ca. 2 mm in diam., puberulent, shallowly 4-lobed, lobes broadly ovate-deltoid, glabrous, not ciliate; corolla rotate, ca. 5 mm in diam., petals reflexed at anthesis, oblong, ca. 2.5 × 1.5 mm, basally slightly connate; stamens longer than petals, anthers ovoid-ellipsoidal; rudimentary ovary pulvinate, rostellate, apex 5- or 6-lobed. Female inflorescences: cymes of order 2 or 3, 3-7-flowered; peduncles 5-13 mm, glabrous; pedicels (3-)4-8 mm, glabrous or puberulent; flowers white, 5(-7)-merous; calyx shallowly cup-shaped, ca. 2 mm in diam., glabrous, shallowly 5-lobed, lobes deltoid, margin erose; corolla rotate, ca. 4 mm in diam., petals obovate-oblong, ca. 2 mm, basally slightly connate; staminodes ca. 1/2 as long as petals, sterile anthers ovoid; ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, stigma capitate. Fruit red, subglobose, rarely ellipsoid, 4-6 mm in diam.; persistent calyx explanate, ca. 3 mm in diam., shallow lobes deltoid, not ciliate; persistent stigma thickly discoid, convex, shallowly 5- or 6-lobed; pyrenes 5-7, ellipsoidal, ca. 5 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., abaxially 3-striate and 2-sulcate, rarely 2-striate and 1-sulcate, laterally smooth, endocarp subwoody. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Dec.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, forest margins on mountain slopes; 400-1100(-1700) m. Anhui (Sixian), Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Vietnam].
 
（责任编辑：徐晔春）