中文名（Chinese Name）：枸骨
学名（Scientific Name）：Ilex cornuta Lindl. et Paxt.
英文名（English Common Name）：Chinese holly
别名（Chinese Common Name）：猫儿刺、八角刺、鸟不宿
异名（Synonym）：Ilex cornuta f. burfordii (De France) Rehder；Ilex cornuta f. gaetana Loes.；Ilex fortunei Lindl.；Ilex burfordii S. R. Howell；Ilex furcata Lindl.；Ilex cornuta var. burfordii De France；Ilex cornuta var. fortunei (Lindl.) S. Y. Hu；Ilex cornuta f. typica Loes.
科属（Family & Genus）：冬青科（Aquifoliaceae）冬青属
形态特征（Description）：常绿灌木或小乔木，高（0.6-)1-3米；幼枝具纵脊及沟，沟内被微柔毛或变无毛，二年枝褐色，三年生枝灰白色，具纵裂缝及隆起的叶痕，无皮孔。叶片厚革质，二型，四角状长圆形或卵形，长4-9厘米，宽2-4厘米，先端具3枚尖硬刺齿，中央刺齿常反曲，基部圆形或近截形，两侧各具1-2刺齿，有时全缘（此情况常出现在卵形叶），叶面深绿色，具光泽，背淡绿色，无光泽，两面无毛，主脉在上面凹下，背面隆起，侧脉5或6对，于叶缘附近网结，在叶面不明显，在背面凸起，网状脉两面不明显；叶柄长4－8毫米，上面具狭沟，被微柔毛；托叶胼胝质，宽三角形。花序簇生于二年生枝的叶腋内，基部宿存鳞片近圆形，被柔毛，具缘毛；苞片卵形，先端钝或具短尖头，被短柔毛和缘毛；花淡黄色，4基数。雄花；花梗长5-6毫米，无毛，基部具1-2枚阔三角形的小苞片；花萼盘状；直径约2.5毫米，裂片膜质，阔三角形，长约0.7毫米，宽约1.5毫米，疏被微柔毛，具缘毛；花冠辐状，直径约7毫米，花瓣长圆状卵形，长3-4毫米，反折，基部合生；雄蕊与花瓣近等长或稍长，花药长圆状卵形，长约1毫米；退化子房近球形，先端钝或圆形，不明显的4裂。雌花：花梗长8-9毫米，果期长达13-14毫米，无毛，基部具2枚小的阔三角形苞片；花萼与花瓣像雄花；退化雄蕊长为花瓣的4/5，略长于子房，败育花药卵状箭头形；子房长圆状卵球形，长3-4毫米，直径2毫米，柱头盘状，4浅裂。果球形，直径8-10毫米，成熟时鲜红色，基部具四角形宿存花萼，顶端宿存柱头盘状，明显4裂；果梗长8-14毫米。分核4，轮廓倒卵形或椭圆形，长7-8毫米，背部宽约5毫米，遍布皱纹和皱纹状纹孔，背部中央具1纵沟，内果皮骨质。花期4-5月，果期10-12月。
分布（Distribution）：产江苏、上海、江西、湖北、湖南等省区，生于海拔150-1900米的山坡、丘陵等灌丛中、疏林中以及路边、溪边。朝鲜也有。
用途（Use）：本种之树形美丽，果实秋冬红色，挂于枝头，供庭园观赏。其根、枝叶和果入药，根有滋补强壮、活络、清风热、祛风湿之功效
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 363, 389
Ilex cornuta Lindley & Paxton, Paxton’s Fl. Gard. 1: 43. 1850.
枸骨 gou gu  | Aquifoliaceae  | Ilex
Ilex burfordii S. R. Howell; I. cornuta f. burfordii (De France) Rehder; I. cornuta var. burfordii De France; I. cornuta var. fortunei (Lindley) S. Y. Hu; I. cornuta f. gaetana Loesener; I. fortunei Lindley; I. furcata Lindley ex Göppert; I. reevesiana Fortune.
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, (0.6-)1-4 m tall. Young branchlets longitudinally ridged and sulcate, puberulent or glabrescent along groove; older branchlets gray-white, subterete, longitudinally minutely fissured, leaf scars raised, lenticels absent. Petiole 4-8 mm, adaxially narrowly sulcate and puberulent; leaf blade abaxially greenish, adaxially deep green, shiny, quadrangular-oblong, rarely ovate, 4-9 × 2-4 cm, thickly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, midvein impressed adaxially, lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, anastomosing near margin, evident abaxially, obscure adaxially, base rounded or subtruncate, margin with 1 or 2 spines per side, sometimes entire, apex with 1 strong spine often reflexed. Inflorescences: cymes, fasciculate, axillary on second year’s branchlets; persistent scales suborbicular, pubescent and ciliate; bracts ovate, pubescent, ciliate, apex obtuse or mucronate; flowers yellowish, 4-merous. Male inflorescences: cymes of order 1 or 2, 1-3-flowered; pedicels 5-6 mm, glabrous; bracteoles basal, broadly deltoid; calyx discoid, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., lobes broadly deltoid, ca. 0.7 × 1.5 mm, membranous, sparsely puberulent, ciliate; corolla rotate, ca. 7 mm in diam., petals reflexed, oblong-ovate, 3-4 mm, basally connate; stamens ca. as long as or slightly longer than petals, anthers oblong-ovoid, ca. 1 mm; rudimentary ovary subglobose, apex obtuse or rounded, indistinctly 4-lobed. Female inflorescences: 1-flowered cymes; pedicels 7-9 mm, glabrous; bracteoles 2, basal, broadly triangular; calyx and corolla as in male flowers; staminodes ca. 4/5 as long as petals, sterile anthers ovoid-sagittate; ovary oblong-ovoid, 3-4 mm, ca. 2 mm in diam., stigma discoid, 4-lobed. Fruit red, globose, 8-10 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 1.3-1.4 cm; persistent calyx quadrangular; persistent stigma discoid, distinctly 4-lobed; pyrenes 4, obovoid or ellipsoidal, 7-8 mm, ca. 5 mm in diam., rugose and rugose-pitted throughout, abaxially longitudinally 1-sulcate, endocarp bony. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Dec. 2n = 38*.
Shrubby areas, sparse forests, hillsides, streamsides, roadsides, near villages; 100-1900 m. Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Tianjin, Zhejiang [Korea].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）