中文名（Chinese Name）：欧洲云杉
学名（Scientific Name）：Picea abies (Linn.) Karst.
英文名（English Common Name）：Norway spruce
别名（Chinese Common Name）：挪威云杉
异名（Synonym）：Abies pumila Voss；Abies lemoniana Booth ex Gordon；Abies minima Lavallée；Abies carpatica (Loudon) Ravenscr.；Abies clambrasiliana Lavallée；Abies clanbrassiliana Loudon；Abies minuta Poir.；Abies viminalis Wahlenb.；Abies coerulescens K.Koch；Abies communis P.Lawson；Abies commutata var. mucronata Loudon；Abies conica Lavallée；Abies cranstonii Lavallée；Abies elegans Sm. ex J.Knight；Abies eremita K.Koch；Abies excelsa var. argentea Berg；Abies excelsa var. carpatica Loudon；Abies excelsa var. clambrasiliana Lavallée；Abies excelsa var. columnaris Jacques；Abies excelsa var. conica Lavallée；Abies excelsa var. inversa Gordon；Abies excelsa var. mucronata (Loudon) Loudon；Abies finedonensis Gordon；Abies gigantea Sm. ex Carrière；Abies gregoryana H.Low. ex Gordon；Abies inverta R.Sm. ex Gordon；Abies parvula Knight；Picea excelsa f. parsonsii Hornibr.；Picea excelsa f. veitchii Hornibr.；Picea excelsa var. argentea Beissn.；Picea excelsa var. balcanica Velen.；Picea excelsa var. columnaris (Jacques) Carrière；Picea excelsa var. mucronata (Loudon) Carrière；Picea excelsa var. pendula (P.Lawson) Carrière；Picea excelsa var. pendula-major Simon-Louis ex Sénécl.；Picea finedonensis Beissn.；Picea maxwellii Beissn.；Picea abies var. inversa (Gordon) Rehder；Picea abies var. pendula (P.Lawson) Rehder；Picea abies var. reflexa (Carrière) Hornibr.；Picea gregoryana Beissn.；Picea abies f. argentea Rehder；Picea abies f. chlorocarpa (Purk.) Th.Fr.；Picea abies f. columnaris (Jacques) Rehder；Picea abies f. cupressina (F.Thomas) Rehder；Picea abies f. erythrocarpa (Purk.) Rehder；Picea abies f. mucronata (Loudon) Rehder；Picea abies f. nigra (Loudon) Th.Fr.；Picea abies f. parsonsii (Hornibr.) Rehder；Picea abies f. veitchii (Hornibr.) Rehder；Picea abies subsp. europaea (Tepl.) Hyl.；Picea cranstonii Beissn.；Picea elegantissima Beissn.；Picea excelsa f. erythrocarpa (Purk.) Wittr. ex H.E.Schroet.；Picea excelsa f. inversa (Gordon) Beissn.；Picea remontii Beissn.；Picea velebitica Simonk. ex Kümmerle；Picea viminalis (Alstr.) Beissn.；Picea vulgaris f. viminalis (Alstr.) Hayek；Picea vulgaris var. alpestris (Brügger) Becc.；Picea vulgaris var. apiculata Beck；Pinus abies f. erythrocarpa (Purk.) Voss；Pinus carpatica Gordon；Pinus cinerea R?hl.；Pinus clanbrasiliana J.Forbes；Pinus picea var. mucronata (Loudon) Endl.；Picea abies 'Excelsa'  
科属（Family & Genus）：松科（Pinaceae）云杉属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，在原产地高达60米，胸径达4-6米；幼树树皮薄，老树树皮厚，裂成小块薄片。大枝斜展，小枝通常下垂，幼枝淡红褐色或桔红色，无毛或有疏毛。冬芽圆锥形，先端尖，芽鳞淡红褐色上部芽鳞反卷，基部芽鳞先端长尖，有纵脊，具短柔毛。小枝上面之叶向前或向上伸展，下面之叶向两侧伸展或与两侧之叶向上弯伸，或下垂小枝之叶辐射向前伸展，四棱状条形，直或弯曲，长1.2-2.5厘米，横切面斜方形，四边有气孔线。球果圆柱形，长10-15厘米，稀达18.5厘米，成熟时褐色；种鳞较薄，斜方状倒卵形或斜方状卵形，先端截形或有凹缺，边缘有细缺齿；种子长约4毫米，种翅长约16毫米。
分布（Distribution）：原产欧洲北部及中部，为北欧主要造林树种之一。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 4
Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten, Deutsche Flora. 2/3: 324. 1881.
欧洲云杉 ou zhou yun shan | Pinaceae  | Picea
Pinus abies Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1002. 1753; P. excelsa Lamarck (1778), not Wallich ex D. Don (1828); Picea excelsa (Lamarck) Link.
Trees to 60 m tall; trunk to 6 m d.b.h. in native range; bark furrowed into small scales; branchlets usually pendulous, reddish brown or orange when young, glabrous or slightly pubescent; winter buds conical, scales reflexed, reddish brown. Leaves ascending or directed forward on upper side of branchlets, spreading on lower side, quadrangular-linear, straight or curved, 1.2-2.5 cm, stomatal lines along each surface. Seed cones brown when mature, cylindric, 10-15(-18.5) cm. Seed scales rhombic-obovate or -ovate, distal margin denticulate, apex truncate or emarginate. Seeds ca. 4 mm; wing ca. 1.6 cm.
Cultivated. Beijing Shi, Jiangxi (Lu Shan), Shandong (Qingdao Shi) [native to Europe]
 
（责任编辑：徐晔春）